The utility of a universal DNA 9barcode9 fragment of 658 base pairs of the Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI) gene for the recognition of all animal species has been a widely debated topic on theoretical and practical levels. Regardless of its challenges, large amounts of COI sequence data have been produced in the last two decades. To optimally use the data towards reliable species identification will require further steps to validate the method and reference libraries. The fruit fly tribe Dacini holds about a thousand species, of which eighty are pests of economic concern, including some of the world9s foremost fruit and vegetable pests, and there are many morphologically cryptic species complexes in the tribe. Where previous studies showed limited success in using COI to identify Dacini, our results with a highly curated morphological dataset indicate high congruence between morphology and COI: 90% of the species in our 5,576 sequences, 262-species global dataset can be identified with COI alone based on a monophyly criterion. However, in some key pest species belonging to complexes that were previously thought diagnosable with COI, we found that expanded sampling and independent validation of identifications using genomic data revealed introgression of mitochondrial DNA. We find that the informative SNPs are uniformly distributed across the COI gene, and we provide recommendations for standardization. We conclude that reliable molecular identifications with COI require extensive species coverage, population sampling, and genomics-supported reference identifications before they can be validated as a 9diagnostic9 marker for specific groups.

https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.23.394510v1.full.pdf

DNA barcodes and reliable molecular identifications in a diverse group of invasive pests: lessons from Bactrocera fruit flies on variation across the COI gene, introgression, and standardization

Gibbifronta pavoniae David, Hancock and Han, gen. et sp. nov., is described from India. The current status of the subtribe Acidoxanthina is scrutinized based on both morphological characters and DNA barcoding analysis, and this taxon is formally proposed as the tribe Acidoxanthini within the subfamily Trypetinae in order to accommodate the genera Gibbifronta, Acidoxantha Hendel, Craspedoxanthitea Hardy and Acidoxanthopsis Hering. We found that the members of the Acidoxanthini possess a unique characteristic within the family Tephritidae, the short and broadly truncate lateral surstylus with reduced prensisetae and 1–3 pairs of strong dorsal setae on epandrium. Even though comparable information is not available for Acidoxanthopsis, it is retained in Acidoxanthini. Gibbifronta is distinguished from other genera of the tribe by the presence of a high gena and prominent hump-like projection on the frons. Phylogenetic analysis based on DNA barcodes revealed that Gibbifronta is closely related to Acidoxantha and support its placement in Acidoxanthini. COI sequences of Gibbifronta pavoniae, Nitrariomyia lukjanovitshi Rohdendorf, Acidoxantha galibeedu David and Ramani and an undescribed Acidoxantha species have been obtained and reported. A key to the genera of Acidoxanthini is also provided.http://zoobank.org/100D010D-21D3-4F0B-B38E-1F72DC8E9BF3.

A new genus in the tribe Acidoxanthini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae) from India, with a discussion of its phylogenetic relationships

We recognize the following 5 species of Paramyiolia Shiraki (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetini) in China: P. atra, sp. nov. , P. atrifasciata, sp. nov. , P. melanogaster, sp. nov. , P. nigrihumera , sp. nov. , and P. yunnana (Wang), comb. nov. These species have almost identical wing patterns as Japanese P. cornuta (Ito), and, thus, here we refer to them jointly as the P. cornuta species group. Monophyly of this species group is supported by a cladistic analysis using morphological characters of all the 9 Paramyiolia species known in the world. Our earlier assumption about the disjunct occurrence of East Asian and North American Paramyiolia as a typical Arcto-Tertiary relict distribution is also strengthened by the discovery of the 5 Chinese species. In addition, we provide a revised key to the world Paramyiolia species and descriptions of all 5 Chinese species supplemented by their photographs including genitalic structures. We also made DNA barcoding analyses using 13 specimens representing 4 outgroup and 3 Paramyiolia species ( P. atra , P. nigricornis (Doane), and P. rhino (Steyskal)). The DNA barcoding result only topologically supports the monophyly of Old and New World Paramyiolia together, but statistically supports the monophyly of the New World Paramyiolia . Interestingly, it rather clearly suggests possible existence of 2 cryptic species from the samples we identified as P. rhino based on the current taxonomic concept of this nominal species. Furthermore, one of these cryptic species appears to be more closely related genetically to the morphologically distinct P. nigricornis than to the other cryptic species. Resumen Reconocemos los siguientes cinco especies de Paramyiolia (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetini) por primera vez en China: P. atra, sp. nov. , P. atrifasciata , sp. nov . , P. melanogaster, sp. nov . , P. nigrihumera , sp. nov. y P. yunnana (Wang), comb. nov.. Estas especies tienen un patron de ala casi identico a la especie japonesa, P. cornuta (Ito), y por lo tanto, aqui nos referimos a ellos de forma conjunta como el grupo de especies P. cornuta . La monofilia de este grupo de especies se apoya en un analisis cladistico usando caracteres morfologicos de las 9 especies de Paramyiolia conocidos en el mundo. Nuestra suposicion anterior sobre la ocurrencia disjunta de de Paramyiolia en Asia del Este y America del Norte como una distribucion tipica antigua Arcto-Terciario tambien se ve reforzada por el descubrimiento de las cinco especies de China. Ademas, ofrecemos una clave revisada de las especies Paramyiolia del mundo y descripciones de los 5 especies de China complementadas por fotografias incluyendo estructuras de la genitalia. Tambien hicimos un analisis de los codigos de barras de ADN utilizando 13 muestras que representan 4 grupos exteriores y 3 especies Paramyiolia ( P. atra , P. nigricornis (Doane), y P. rinoceronte (Steyskal)). El resultado de los codigos de barras de ADN solo topologicamente apoya la monofilia del Paramyiolia del Viejo y Nuevo Mundo, pero estadisticamente apoya la monofilia del Paramyiolia en el Nuevo Mundo. Curiosamente, se sugiere claramente la posible existencia de 2 especies cripticas en las muestras que hemos identificado como P. rinoceronte basado en el concepto taxonomico actual de esta especie nominal. Ademas, una de estas especies cripticas parece estar mas estrechamente relacionada geneticamente a la morfologicamente distinta P. nigricornis que a las otras especies cripticas.

[Supplementary Material] Phylogeny of the genus Paramyiolia Shiraki (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetini) with descriptions of five Chinese species

Based on a field survey from 2017, twenty-three species are reported from Bhutan for the first time: Acroceratitis ceratitina, A. hardyi, Anomoia approximata, Bactrocera connecta, B. latifrons, B. nigrifacia, B. syzygii, Campiglossa sororcula, Cecidochares connexa, Dacus jacobi, Gastrozona fasciventris, Hoplandromyia antelopa, Lenitovena ultima, Ptilona confinis, Rioxoptilona dunlopi, R. formosana, R. vaga, Spathulina acroleuca, Themara yunnana, Trypeta indica, Zeugodacus apiciflavus, Z. diversus, and Z. fereuncinatus. Four species of the genera Cornutrypeta, Hemilea, Morinowotome, and Vidalia are also recorded for the first time, but the precise determination to species needs additional study and material. As the result, 71 species is listed from Bhutan by far. Their taxonomic position and key characters are discussed. Illustrations for most of the newly recorded species are given.

The Fruit Flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Bhutan: New Faunistic Records and Compendium of Fauna

Abstract. We describe the egg, three instars, and pupa of Dacus bivittatus Bigot using optical and scanning electron microscopy and compare them with those of other Dacus Fabricius species for which these stages have been described as well as those of two important pest species of Zeugodacus Hendel that infest cucurbits. A new anatomical term, lateral lips, is introduced to describe a feature of the facial mask. A feature of the egg that has not been reported previously for Tephritidae is described here: a peculiar arrangement of aeropyles in an irregular line partially encircling the egg near the posterior end. A table of morphological characters visible with light microscopes provides diagnostic information to separate larvae of Dacus bivittatus from those of most other Dacus species and two Zeugodacus species for which larvae have been described.

Description of the Immature Stages of Dacus bivittatus (Diptera: Tephritidae), the Greater Pumpkin Fruit Fly

Two new species of the genus Dacus Fabricius, namely D. (Mellesis) jacobi David Sachin and D. (Mellesis) viraktamathi David Hancock of tribe Dacini are described from India. Dacus (Mellesis) maculipterus White is recorded for the first time from India. An updated key to species of genus Dacus from India, Bhutan and Sri Lanka is also provided.

Two new species and a new record of dacus fabricius (diptera: tephritidae) from india.

A new species of Hemilea Loew, H. totu David, Hancock & Sachin, sp. n., is described from India. Paratrypeta appendiculata (Hendel) and Vidalia thailandica Hancock & Drew are recorded for the first time from India and a key to species of Hemilea from India and Myanmar is provided.

A new species of Hemilea Loew and two new records of Trypetini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae) from India.

﻿Abstract Two new species of Platensina Enderlein, P.rabbanii David & Hancock, sp. nov., and P.flavistigma David & Hancock, sp. nov., are described from Meghalaya and southern India, respectively. Platensinarabbanii can be differentiated from P.alboapicalis Hering by the presence of a single hyaline indentation in cell r1 and the apical hyaline band in cell r2+3 restricted to the apex; P.flavistigma differs from P.quadrula Hardy by the presence of a yellow/fulvous pterostigma and shape of the epandrium. DNA barcode sequences of P.acrostacta (Wiedemann), P.flavistigma and P.platyptera Hendel were obtained and reported. Postabdominal descriptions and illustrations of P.acrostacta, P.platyptera and P.zodiacalis (Bezzi) are also provided along with keys to all 23 species and the 7 known from India.

https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/80645/download/pdf/

﻿Two new species of Platensina Enderlein (Diptera, Tephritidae, Tephritinae, Dithrycini) from India

A new species of Elaphromyia, E. juncta David, Hancock & Sachin, sp. n. is described from India. It can be differentiated from the morphologically similar E. siva Frey and E. pterocallaeformis (Bezzi) by the wing pattern, epandrial characters, morphology of spicules on the eversible membrane and spermathecal shape. Elaphromyia siva Frey and E. yunnanensis Wang are recorded for the first time from India. Records of E. pterocallaeformis (Bezzi) from southern India are regarded as misidentifications. A key to the 7 known non-African species is included.

Taxonomic notes on the genus Elaphromyia Bigot (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae: Pliomelaenini) in India, with description of a new species

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K. Sachin

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Two new species and a new record of dacus fabricius (diptera: tephritidae) from india.

A new species of Hemilea Loew and two new records of Trypetini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae) from India.

A new genus in the tribe Acidoxanthini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae) from India, with a discussion of its phylogenetic relationships

Two new species of Platensina Enderlein (Diptera, Tephritidae, Tephritinae, Dithrycini) from India

Taxonomic notes on the genus Elaphromyia Bigot (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae: Pliomelaenini) in India, with description of a new species

K. Sachin

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Two new species and a new record of dacus fabricius (diptera: tephritidae) from india.

A new species of Hemilea Loew and two new records of Trypetini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae) from India.

A new genus in the tribe Acidoxanthini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Trypetinae) from India, with a discussion of its phylogenetic relationships

﻿Two new species of Platensina Enderlein (Diptera, Tephritidae, Tephritinae, Dithrycini) from India

Taxonomic notes on the genus Elaphromyia Bigot (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae: Pliomelaenini) in India, with description of a new species

Two new species of Platensina Enderlein (Diptera, Tephritidae, Tephritinae, Dithrycini) from India