In this paper, we wish to present an overview of the research carried out in our laboratories with low-cost transition metal oxides (manganese dioxide, iron oxide and vanadium oxide) as active electrode materials for aqueous electrochemical supercapacitors. More specifically, the paper focuses on the approaches that have been used to increase the capacitance of the metal oxides and the cell voltage of the supercapacitor. It is shown that the cell voltage of an electrochemical supercapacitor can be increased significantly with the use of hybrid systems. The most relevant associations are Fe3O4 or activated carbon as the negative electrode and MnO2 as the positive. The cell voltage of the Fe3O4/MnO2 device is 1.8 V and this value was increased to 2.2 V by using activated carbon instead of Fe3O4. These two systems have shown superior behavior compared to a symmetric MnO2/MnO2 device which only works within a 1 V potential window in aqueous K2SO4. Furthermore, the activated carbon/MnO2 hybrid device exhibits a real power density of 605 W/kg (maximum power density =19.0 kW/kg) with an energy density of 17.3 Wh/kg. These values compete well with those of standard electrochemical double layer capacitors working in organic electrolytes.

http://ma.ecsdl.org/content/MA2005-01/35/1348.full.pdf

Nanostructured Transition Metal Oxides for Aqueous Hybrid Electrochemical Supercapacitors

Review on α-Fe 2 O 3 based negative electrode for high performance supercapacitors

Electrochemical energy storage devices (EESs) play a crucial role for the construction of sustainable energy storage system from the point of generation to the end user due to the intermittent nature of renewable sources. Additionally, to meet the demand for next-generation electronic applications, optimizing the energy and power densities of EESs with long cycle life is the crucial factor. Great efforts have been devoted towards the search for new materials, to augment the overall performance of the EESs. Although there are a lot of ongoing researches in this field, the performance does not meet up to the level of commercialization. A further understanding of the charge storage mechanism and development of new electrode materials are highly required. The present review explains the overview of recent progress in supercapattery devices with reference to their various aspects. The different charge storage mechanisms and the multiple factors involved in the performance of the supercapattery are described in detail. Moreover, recent advancements in this supercapattery research and its electrochemical performances are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and possible future developments in this field are summarized.

/pdf/comprehensive-insight-into-the-mechanism-material-selection-1x6r17ycdm.pdf

Comprehensive Insight into the Mechanism, Material Selection and Performance Evaluation of Supercapatteries

The applications of traditional asymmetric supercapacitors are restricted due to the low specific capacitance of carbon negative materials. The rational design of positive and negative electrodes that afford high-performance asymmetric devices is particularly important. In this paper, we fabricate a cost-effective, environmental-friendly aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor by using CuCo2O4/CuO nanowire arrays as the positive electrode and RGO/Fe2O3 composites as the negative electrode. The assembled device exhibits a high energy density of 33.0 W h kg−1 at a power density of 200 W kg−1, and it still operates at a high power density of 8.0 kW kg−1 with an energy density of 9.1 W h kg−1. The current strategy will provide a fresh route for the design and fabrication of novel asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy density and high power density.

Hydrothermal synthesis of CuCo2O4/CuO nanowire arrays and RGO/Fe2O3 composites for high-performance aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors

Herein, we report a facile, low-cost and one-step electrodeposition approach for the synthesis MnCo2O4 (MCO) nanosheet arrays on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. The crystalline phase and morphology of the materials are studied by x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive x-ray analysis and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The supercapacitor performance of the MCO nanosheets are studied in a three-electrode configuration in 2 M KOH electrolyte. The as-prepared binder-free electrode shows a high specific capacitance of 290 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1 with excellent cyclic stability even after 1000 charge/discharge cycles. The obtained energy density and power density of the MCO nanosheets are 10.04 Wh kg−1 and 5.2 kW kg−1 respectively. The superior electrochemical performances are mainly attributed to its nanosheet like structure which provides a large reaction surface area, and fast ion and electron transfer rate.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/26/45/455401/pdf

Electrodeposition of spinel MnCo₂O₄ nanosheets for supercapacitor applications.

Sub-micron sized polyhedral shaped NiMn2O4 particles were successfully prepared by a glycine assisted solution combustion method. The phase purity and the presence of functional groups in NiMn2O4 were revealed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. The formation of polyhedral shaped particles was inferred by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behaviour of NiMn2O4 was observed using a solid state impedance analyser in the measured temperature range between 30 and 180 °C. Further, electrochemical studies revealed that NiMn2O4 stores the charge through intercalation rather than by a capacitive mechanism. The electrode stores 91% of the specific capacitance by intercalation and 9% by a capacitive mechanism. Also, NiMn2O4 possesses a specific capacitance of 202 F g−1 at 0.5 mA cm−2 in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte and exhibits excellent cyclic stability over 15 000 cycles. Similarly, the fabricated asymmetric device (FeVO4‖NiMn2O4) also delivers good specific capacitance (50 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1) and cyclic stability.

Studies on the electrochemical intercalation/de-intercalation mechanism of NiMn2O4 for high stable pseudocapacitor electrodes

Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical performances of nanocrystalline FeVO4 as negative and LiCoPO4 as positive electrode for asymmetric supercapacitor

Synthesis and characterization of carbon coated LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 and bio-mass derived graphene like porous carbon electrodes for aqueous Li-ion hybrid supercapacitor

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Studies on the electrochemical intercalation/de-intercalation mechanism of NiMn2O4 for high stable pseudocapacitor electrodes

Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical performances of nanocrystalline FeVO4 as negative and LiCoPO4 as positive electrode for asymmetric supercapacitor

Synthesis and characterization of carbon coated LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 and bio-mass derived graphene like porous carbon electrodes for aqueous Li-ion hybrid supercapacitor