Fracture toughness, KIC, of a single-phase commercial lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic (Zr/Ti=0.54/0.46) of tetragonal structure (c/a=1.019) was measured using the single edge notched beam method above and below the Curie temperature. Domain switching (poling) under electrical and mechanical loading was examined using X-ray diffraction. Surface grinding, electrical poling, and mechanical poling caused crystallographic texture. Similar texture, indicative of domain switching, was also observed on fracture surfaces of some saples fractured at room temperature. At room temperature, the highest KIC measured was 1.85 MPa·m1/2, while above the Curie temperature it was about 1.0 MPa·m1/2. Cracks emanating from Vickers indents in poled samples were different in the poling and the transverse directions. The difference in crack sizes is explained on the basis of domain switching during crack growth. These results indicate that ferroelastic domain switching (twinning) is a viable toughening mechanism in the PZT materials tested.

Fracture Mechanisms in Ferroelectric‐Ferroelastic Lead Zirconate Titanate (Zr: Ti=0.54:0.46) Ceramics

Linear electro-elastic analysis of a cavity or a crack in a piezoelectric material

Crack propagation in a piezoelectric lead–zirconium–titanate (PZT) material under simultaneous mechanical loading and applied electric fields is studied using the Vickers indentation technique. It is demonstrated experimentally that electric fields can inhibit or enhance crack propagation in piezoelectric materials. Cracks introduced by indentation are observed to propagate less under a positive applied electric field (the polarity of the field was the same as that for poling), whereas under a negative applied electric field, crack propagation is enhanced. Such an effect is observed to be more profound with increasing electric-field strength and decreasing mechanical loading. Attempts are made to compare these experimental observations with the results of various theoretical analyses. A mechanism for the change in crack propagation behavior of the piezoelectric PZT material under applied electric fields is presented.

Crack propagation in piezoelectric ceramics: Effects of applied electric fields

This chapter reviews experimental results that allow one to interpret the essential features of fracture in ferroelectric ceramics under electric and mechanical load. First, crack growth measurements on unpoled and poled ferroelectric ceramics are reviewed, and numerous experiments that demonstrate the existence and relevance of a domain-switching zone are presented. Thereafter the review concentrates on results of fracture experiments with applied electric fields and addresses the controversial outcomes of such experiments. Theoretical fracture mechanical concepts are then introduced. One part of the discussion focuses on electrical boundary conditions used at the crack surface because they decisively determine the predicted energy release rate. The other part of the discussion, which concerns theoretical concepts, discusses the predicted switching zones around cracks and their influence on the stress intensity factor and energy release rate. Finally, this chapter attempts to mirror the tremendou...

Influence of Electric Field and Mechanical Stresses on the Fracture of Ferroelectrics

Crack propagation in piezoelectric materials under combined mechanical and electrical loadings

Lanthanum modified lead titanate, (Pb0·775La0·15)TiO3 ceramics with a tetragonality of c/a = 1·024 were hot-pressed and the anisotropy of internal stress generated by applying a poling field were measured using a microindentation technique. In this specimen with a grain size of Gs=3·0 μm, the internal stresses in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the DC poling field were 151 and 35 MN/m2, respectively. The results are explained by the crack-extentional and compressive forces, respectively.

Internal stress anisotropies induced by electric field in lanthanum modified PbTiO3 ceramics

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Internal stress anisotropies induced by electric field in lanthanum modified PbTiO3 ceramics