https://cds.cern.ch/record/1381518/files/10.1016_j.phpro.2012.02.429.pdf

Silicon Strip Detectors for the ATLAS HL-LHC Upgrade

Future detector systems will face technical difficulties with the supply of electrical power to a multitude of sub-detectors. The Serial Powering (SP) scheme is an elegant solution which leads to a great reduction in cable mass, whilst increasing efficiency and reducing cost. In recent years, substantial developments in SP have been made by the ATLAS Tracker Upgrade Community. Initial demonstrator modules and supermodules (known as Staves) used the ABCD chip, with shunt regulators made from discrete components. Continuous development of the SP architecture has led to shunt regulation within the latest ABCN-25 ASICs themselves. From a system point of view, studies of protection schemes and current sources have advanced greatly. We report recent progress, including first results from a serially powered Stavelet using the ABCN-25 chip.

Progress and advances in Serial Powering of silicon modules for the ATLAS Tracker Upgrade

The past quarter century has brought about a revolution in front-end electronics for large-scale detector systems. Custom integrated circuits specifically tailored to the requirements of large detector systems have provided unprecedented performance and enabled systems that once were deemed impossible. The evolution of integrated circuit readouts in strip detectors is summarized, the present status described, and challenges posed by the sLHC and ILC are discussed. Performance requirements increase, but key considerations remain as in the past: power dissipation, material, and services. Smaller CMOS feature sizes will not provide the required electronic noise at lower power, but will improve digital power efficiency. Significant improvements appear to be practical in more efficient power distribution. Enhanced digital electronics have provided powerful trigger processors that greatly improve the trigger efficiency. In data readout systems they also improve data throughput, while reducing power requirements. Concurrently with new developments in high energy physics, detector systems for cosmology and astrophysics have made great strides. As an example, a large-scale readout for superconducting bolometer arrays is described.

/pdf/front-end-electronics-and-trigger-systems-status-and-4tpqj890zs.pdf

Front-end electronics and trigger systems - status and challenges

Upgrades to the inner tracking detectors at the Super Large Hadron Collider (SLHC) will require more efficient methods of power delivery. Serial power is one architecture that delivers power efficiently by powering a chain of front-end circuits (hybrids) with a common current. A major concern with serial power is the loss of the full hybrid chain due to an open circuit failure of a single hybrid. We propose a method to protect a serial chain of hybrids with emphasis on application to the ATLAS silicon strip upgrade. A prototype protection circuit and its discrete component implementation are described. Results from tests of the protection circuit used with individual “dummy” hybrids and in a system test with a collection of dummy hybrids are given. Finally, a path towards a radiation-hard ASIC implementation is discussed. This work demonstrates that the protection of a serial chain is viable and is not an obstacle to the implementation of serial power.

Serial power protection for ATLAS silicon strip staves

While the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is continuing to deliver a steadily increasing luminosity to the experiments, plans for an upgraded machine called the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC) are progressing. The upgrade is foreseen to increase the LHC design integrated luminosity by a factor ten. The ATLAS experiment will need to build a new tracker for HL-LHC operation, which needs to be suited to the harsh HL-LHC conditions in terms of particle rates and radiation doses. In order to cope with the increase in pile-up backgrounds at the higher luminosity, an all-silicon detector is being designed. To successfully face the increased radiation dose and occupancy, a new generation of extremely radiation hard silicon detectors has been designed. This paper, will give an overview of the ATLAS tracker upgrade project, in particular focusing on the crucial innermost silicon strip layers. Results from a wide range of irradiated silicon detectors will be presented, and layout concepts for lightweight yet mechanically very rigid detector modules with high service integration will be shown. We will draw conclusions on what type and design of strip detectors to employ for the upgrades of the tracking layers in the HL-LHC upgrades of LHC experiments.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-0221/7/03/C03019/pdf

Silicon strip detectors for the ATLAS HL-LHC upgrade

For tracking at a high luminosity upgrade of the LHC, detector granularity, scale, and radiation resistance must increase. Material burden, cost, and construction must be kept manageable. One configuration which may facilitate these requirements is to build large multi-module units referred to here as “staves”. Design issues and prototyping results for staves are discussed.

Development of large area integrated silicon tracking elements for the LHC luminosity upgrade

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Development of large area integrated silicon tracking elements for the LHC luminosity upgrade