Surface science studies of model fuel cell electrocatalysts

Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy of adsorbed molecules

Kinetic, isotopic, and infrared studies on well-defined dispersed Pt clusters are combined here with first-principle theoretical methods on model cluster surfaces to probe the mechanism and structural requirements for CO oxidation catalysis at conditions typical of its industrial practice. CO oxidation turnover rates and the dynamics and thermodynamics of adsorption−desorption processes on cluster surfaces saturated with chemisorbed CO were measured on 1−20 nm Pt clusters under conditions of strict kinetic control. Turnover rates are proportional to O2 pressure and inversely proportional to CO pressure, consistent with kinetically relevant irreversible O2 activation steps on vacant sites present within saturated CO monolayers. These conclusions are consistent with the lack of isotopic scrambling in C16O−18O2−16O2 reactions, and with infrared bands for chemisorbed CO that did not change within a CO pressure range that strongly influenced CO oxidation turnover rates. Density functional theory estimates of r...

Chemisorption of CO and mechanism of CO oxidation on supported platinum nanoclusters.

We present a microkinetic model as well as experimental data for the low-temperature water gas shift (WGS) reaction catalyzed by Pt at temperatures from 523 to 573 K and for various gas compositions at a pressure of 1 atm. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for the model are derived from periodic, self-consistent density functional theory (DFT-GGA) calculations on Pt(111). The destabilizing effect of high CO surface coverage on the binding energies of surface species is quantified through DFT calculations and accounted for in the microkinetic model. Deviations of specific fitted model parameters from DFT calculated parameters on Pt(111) point to the possible role of steps/defects in this reaction. Our model predicts reaction rates and reaction orders in good agreement with our experiments. The calculated and experimental apparent activation energies are 67.8 kJ/mol and 71.4 kJ/mol, respectively. The model shows that the most significant reaction channel proceeds via a carboxyl (COOH) intermediate. Forma...

Mechanism of the Water Gas Shift Reaction on Pt: First Principles, Experiments, and Microkinetic Modeling

We have studied the trends in CO adsorption on close-packed metal surfaces: Co, Ni, Cu from the 3d row, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag from the 4d row and Ir, Pt, Au from the 5d row using density functional theory. In particular, we were concerned with the trends in adsorption energy, geometry, vibrational properties and other parameters derived from the electronic structure of the substrate. The influence of specific changes in our set-up, such as choice of the exchange correlation functional, the choice of pseudopotential, size of the basis set and substrate relaxation, has been carefully evaluated. We found that, while the geometrical and vibrational properties of the adsorbate–substrate complex are calculated with high accuracy, the adsorption energies calculated with the gradient-corrected Perdew–Wang exchange–correlation energies are overestimated. In addition, the calculations tend to favour adsorption sites with higher coordination, resulting in the prediction of the wrong adsorption sites for the Rh, Pt and Cu surfaces (hollow instead of top). The revised Perdew–Burke–Erzernhof functional (RPBE) leads to lower (i.e. more realistic) adsorption energies for transition metals, but to the wrong results for noble metals—for Ag and Au, endothermic adsorption is predicted. The site preference remains the same. We discuss trends in relation to the electronic structure of the substrate across the periodic table, summarizing the state-of-the-art of CO adsorption on close-packed metal surfaces.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/16/8/001/pdf

CO adsorption on close-packed transition and noble metal surfaces: trends from ab initio calculations

Chemisorption of CO on the Pt(111) surface

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Chemisorption of CO on the Pt(111) surface