This is the first account of the history of modelling dendritic and cellular solidification. While Part I reviewed the progress up to the year 2000 [Kurz W, Fisher DJ, Trivedi R. Progress in modell...

Progress in modelling solidification microstructures in metals and alloys. Part II: dendrites from 2001 to 2018

Microstructure selection in thin-sample directional solidification of an Al-Cu alloy: In situ X-ray imaging and phase-field simulations

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01469082/document

In situ observation of solidification patterns in diffusive conditions

Influence of natural convection during upward directional solidification: A comparison between in situ X-ray radiography and direct simulation of the grain structure

Fragmentation-driven grain refinement in directional solidification of AlCu10wt-% alloy at low pulling speeds

As most of the phenomena involved during solidification are dynamic, in situ and real-time X-ray imaging should be retained as the method of choice for investigating the solidification front evolution of metallic alloys grown from the melt. On Earth, natural convection in the melt is well known to be the major source of various disturbing effects which can significantly modify or mask important physical mechanisms. Microgravity environment is an efficient way to eliminate buoyancy and convection to provide benchmark data for the validation of models and numerical simulations. In addition, a comparative study of solidification experiments carried out on Earth and in space can also enlighten the effects of gravity. In the frame of the ESA - MAP programme entitled XRMON, an experimental set-up has been developed to perform directional solidification in microgravity conditions with in situ X-ray radiography observation. In the first part of this paper, we will present a brief review of some effects induced by gravity on the solidification process and investigated by mean of synchrotron X-ray radiography at ESRF (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility). In the second part of this paper, we will describe some results obtained with a prototype of the XRMON-Gradient Furnace set-up. These preliminary results show the large capabilities of the experimental set-up in terms of thermal behaviour, as well as X-ray observation.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/327/1/012012/pdf

Investigation of gravity effects on solidification of binary alloys with in situ X-ray radiography on earth and in microgravity environment

Structural material properties are related to their solidification microstructures which can be columnar (oriented properties) or equiaxed (isotropic properties). The control of the columnar-to-equiaxed transition is thus crucial in engineering and is still a debated subject. On Earth, natural convection in the melt is the major source of various disturbing effects. Solidification under microgravity is an efficient way to eliminate buoyancy and convection to provide benchmark data for the validation of models and numerical simulations. The main objective of the ESA - MAP research project entitled XRMON is to conceive and perform in situ Xray radiography experiments on metallurgical processes in microgravity environment. XRMON has been selected to be flown on the MASER 12 sounding rocket mission, scheduled in autumn 2011. This paper reports on the breadboard tests carried out with a dedicated novel experimental set-up developed by SSC (Swedish Space Corporation). Preliminary results confirm the great interest to perform in situ characterization to analyse dynamical phenomena during solidification processes.

XRMON-GF Experimental Set-Up Devoted to X-Ray Radiographic Observation of Directional Solidification under Microgravity on Maser12 Sounding Rocket Missions

The European Space Agency (ESA) - Microgravity Application Promotion (MAP) programme entitled XRMON (In situ X-Ray MONitoring of advanced metallurgical processes under microgravity and terrestrial conditions) aims to develop and perform in situ X-ray radiography observations of metallurgical processes in microgravity and terrestrial environments. The use of X-ray imaging methods makes it possible to study alloy solidification processes with spatio-temporal resolutions at the scales of relevance for microstructure formation. XRMON has been selected for MASER 12 sounding rocket experiment, scheduled in autumn 2011. Although the microgravity duration is typically six minutes, this short time is sufficient to investigate a solidification experiment with X-ray radiography. This communication will report on the preliminary results obtained with the experimental set-up developed by SSC (Swedish Space Corporation). Presented results dealing with directional solidification of Al-Cu confirm the great interest of performing in situ characterization to analyse dynamical phenomena during solidification processes.

/pdf/x-ray-radiographic-observation-of-directional-solidification-4bne1p8uli.pdf

X-Ray Radiographic Observation of Directional Solidification Under Microgravity: XRMON-GF Experiments on MASER12 Sounding Rocket Mission

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Investigation of gravity effects on solidification of binary alloys with in situ X-ray radiography on earth and in microgravity environment

XRMON-GF Experimental Set-Up Devoted to X-Ray Radiographic Observation of Directional Solidification under Microgravity on Maser12 Sounding Rocket Missions

X-Ray Radiographic Observation of Directional Solidification Under Microgravity: XRMON-GF Experiments on MASER12 Sounding Rocket Mission