https://zenodo.org/record/1258469/files/article.pdf

High-resolution Z-contrast imaging of crystals

High-resolution imaging with an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the high-resolution electron microscopy. The electron microscope is a versatile transmission electron microscope–scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM–STEM) instrument in which most of the options can be chosen under computer control, without compromising. An ideal electron microscope should be an instrument with a maximal number of degrees of freedom. Information about the object can be deduced by knowing the electron wave at the entrance plane of the object and by measuring the electron distribution at the exit plane. A twin condenser–objective type of instrument with a field-emission source, with flexibility in the illumination conditions, and with a configurable detector allows choosing the form of the incident wave freely in real or reciprocal space and the plane and area of detection. An ideal detector should combine high quantum efficiency, high dynamic range, high resolution, and high speed. If the instrument is equipped with an energy filter before and after the object, it acquires all the information that can be carried by the electrons.

High-resolution electron microscopy

Incoherent imaging of zone axis crystals with ADF STEM

Emission channeling and blocking

The connection between electron channeling and electron diffraction is discussed on the basis of the dynamical theory. Results of the many-beam calculations for 50 keV to 2 MeV electrons incident almost parallel to a [110] axis of a MgO crystal are used as examples. Bloch waves with a marked concentration of electron density at rows of atoms are obtained, and interpreted as states of electrons bound to the rows of atoms, corresponding to the classical picture of channeling. This can be shown properly by applying the tight-binding method of band theory in the two dimensions perpendicular to the axis. In this picture the "rosette motions"' in the classical theory are interpreted as p-tvpe, d-type, etc. Bloch waves, and the "weavons" as loosely-bound s-type Bloch waves. They are connected to the pictures of the Borrmann effect and the Bloch-wave channeling in the diffraction theory.

Interpretation of Electron Channeling by the Dynamical Theory of Electron Diffraction

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Interpretation of Electron Channeling by the Dynamical Theory of Electron Diffraction