Purpose: To conduct a meta-analysis to confirm the association between Demodex infestation and blepharitis.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of relevant published case-control studies which were found from the ISI Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE and CNKI from January 1950 to December 2010. Meta-analysis was applied for 13 of these and included matched data sets, using odds ratio (OR) as the effect indicator. Sensitivity was assessed.Results: Eleven articles (13 matched data sets) covering four different countries and reporting 4741 participants (2098 blepharitis and 2643 controls) were eligible. The pooled OR in random effect models was 4.89 (95% confidence interval, 3.00–7.97). Sensitivity analysis showed that results of pooled ORs in different effect models, language, sample size, and control groups were completely consistent, which demonstrated a stable association between Demodex infestation and blepharitis by meta-analysis.Conclusions: The association between Demodex infestati...

Association of Blepharitis with Demodex: A Meta-analysis

To identify sociodemographic characteristics and risk factor of Demodex infestation, 756 students aged 13-22 years in Xi'an, China were sampled for the school-based cross-sectional study. Demodex was examined using the cellophane tape method (CTP). The results showed that the total detection rate of Demodex was 67.6%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that five variables (gender, residence, sharing sanitary ware, frequency of face-wash per day, and use of facial cleanser) were found to be uncorrelated with Demodex infestation, whereas three variables (age, skin type, and skin disease) were found to be independent correlates. Students aged over 18 years had 22.1 times higher odds of Demodex infestation compared to those under 16 years and students aged 16-18 years also had 2.1 times higher odds compared to those aged 13-15 years. Odds of having a Demodex infestation for oily or mixed skin were 2.1 times those for dry or neutral skin. Students with a facial skin disease had 3.0 times higher odds of being infested with Demodex compared to those without. The inception rate of students with facial dermatoses increased in parallel with increasing mite count. The inception rates were 21.3%, 40.7%, 59.2%, and 67.7% in the negative, mild, moderate, and severe infestation groups, respectively (χ(2)=60.6, P<0.001). Specifically, the amount of infested mites and inception rate of acne vulgaris were positively correlated (R(2)=0.57, moderate infestation odds ratio (OR)=7.1, severe infestation OR=10.3). It was concluded that Demodex prevalence increases with age, and Demodex presents in nearly all adult human. Sebaceous hyperplasia with oily or mixed skin seems to favour Demodex proliferation. Demodex infestation could be associated with acne vulgaris. The CTP is a good sampling method for studies of Demodex prevalence.

Sociodemographic characteristics and risk factor analysis of Demodex infestation (Acari: Demodicidae).

Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are obligatory parasites of the pilosebaceous unit in humans and are cosmopolitan in terms of their distribution. This study was conducted to explore the effect of temperature on the viability of D. folliculorum and D. brevis. Both types of parasites were collected with the cellophane tape method, then randomly grouped and placed into separate moist cabinets. They were divided into 15 groups and exposed to experimental temperatures ranging from −15°C to 60°C. Curve diagrams and scatter plots on the relationship between temperature and the corresponding survival time were drawn and analyzed. It is demonstrated that temperature has a tremendous influence on the viability of D. folliculorum and D. brevis. Survival time and temperature are inversely correlated in the temperature range of 5–37°C. Both D. folliculorum and D. brevis can survive better at low temperatures than at high temperatures. The most suitable maintenance temperature is 5°C, and the optimal temperature for D. folliculorum and D. brevis to develop in vitro is 16–20°C. Temperatures below 0°C and above 37°C are harmful to the mites. The lethal temperature is 54°C, and the effective temperature that kills Demodex mites is 58°C.

The effect of temperature on the viability of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis.

Background. Foot mycoses are a frequent disease that represents a public health problem worldwide. Objectives. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of foot mycoses among Tunisian patients, in order to determine the fungal etiological agents and to identify possible risk factors. Patients and Methods. A prospective study of three hundred and ninety-two patients was undertaken during one year (2013-2014). All subjects were asked to collect demographic data related to the risk factors of foot mycoses. A complete mycological diagnosis was carried out on all patients. Results. A total of 485 samples were collected; tinea pedis and tinea unguium were confirmed in 88.2% of cases. Dermatophytes were isolated in 70.5% and the most frequent pathogen was Trichophyton rubrum (98.1%), followed by yeasts (17.7%) commonly Candida parapsilosis. Non-dermatophyte molds (NDMs) were observed in 8.02% cases and Fusarium sp. was the frequent genus (29.1%). The main predisposing factors of fungal foot infections were practicing ritual washing (56.6%) and frequentation of communal showers (50.5%). Conclusion. This is a recent survey of foot mycoses in Tunisia. Epidemiological studies can be useful to eradicate these infections and to provide further measures of hygiene and education.

/pdf/prevalence-etiology-and-risk-factors-of-tinea-pedis-and-4kv13y5z4d.pdf

Prevalence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Tinea Pedis and Tinea Unguium in Tunisia

Onychomycosis (tinea unguium) is the most common nail disorder. Nonetheless, it requires lengthy, often ineffective treatments, and recurrence is frequent. Predominantly a disease of the elderly, onychomycosis is becoming more and more common. Besides interfering with normal nail function, fungal nail infections are relatively painful, unsightly in appearance, disrupt daily activities, and have a negative psychosocial connotation. Commonly reported psychosocial factors are embarrassment, low self-esteem, and social withdrawal. Yet advances in therapy have been achieved since these reports were made, and many of these treatment options have proven to be more effective. Thus, the impact of these advances on psychosocial well-being of patients with onychomycosis is worth analyzing. The objective of this paper is to review studies that investigated the psychosocial impact of onychomycosis on a variety of patient populations. An alternative, total patient approach that dermatologists and general practitioners alike could use to incorporate patients' psychosocial well-being into the holistic management of onychomycosis will also be discussed.

Psychosocial impact of onychomycosis: a review

Quel est le rôle des parasites et des levures dans la genèse des blépharites chroniques

Resume Introduction Les onychomycoses sont frequentes chez les sujets âges. Le but de cette etude tunisienne etait de determiner la prevalence, les caracteristiques epidemiologiques, cliniques et mycologiques des onychomycoses chez les sujets âges. Malades et methodes Il s’agissait d’une etude prospective realisee durant une periode de 7 mois (octobre 2005 – avril 2006). Elle a interesse 137 prelevements d’ongles et 103 prelevements de lesions cutanees associees realises chez 120 malades consecutifs âges de 65 ans et plus suspects d’onychomycose des mains et/ou des pieds. Le recrutement des malades a ete fait en examinant d’une facon systematique les ongles des mains et des pieds de 290 nouveaux malades âges de 65 ans et plus se presentant a la consultation de medecine generale. L’examen des malades a ete fait par un dermatologue. Resultats Soixante-neuf femmes et 51 hommes (sex-ratio H/F : 0,74) d’un âge moyen de 72,3 ans ± 6,2 ans ont ete recrutes. L’onyxis touchait les mains dans 28 cas (20,4 p. 100) et les pieds dans 109 cas (79,5 p. 100). L’association d’onyxis des mains et des pieds etait notee dans 17 cas (12,4 p. 100). La moyenne d’ongles atteints etait de 2,7 ongles pour les mains et 3,9 ongles pour les pieds. L’onyxis se localisait principalement au gros orteil et au pouce respectivement pour les pieds et pour les mains. L’atteinte etait le plus souvent latero-distale aussi bien aux mains qu’aux pieds. Parmi les 137 prelevements d’ongles, 110 prelevements etaient positifs (80,3 p. 100). La prevalence d’onychomycose confirmee chez les sujets âges examines etait de 34,1 p. 100 (99/290). Les champignons responsables des onychomycoses dans cette population etaient principalement des dermatophytes (79 p. 100) dont Trichophyton rubrum (72,1 p. 100) etait le champignon le plus frequemment isole. La repartition des champignons etait differente selon la localisation des onyxis. Aux ongles des pieds, c’etait surtout les dermatophytes qui etaient isoles (97 p. 100). Aux ongles des mains, c’etait surtout les levures qui etaient responsables des onychomycoses (75 p. 100). Candida albicans etait alors le plus frequemment isole (60 p. 100). Des moisissures n’ont jamais ete isolees aussi bien aux mains qu’aux pieds. Les cultures des lesions cutanees associees ont mis en evidence le meme champignon isole aux ongles chez 33 malades. Il s’agissait de Trichophyton rubrum dans 28 cas. Conclusion Notre etude confirme que les onychomycoses sont tres frequentes chez les sujets âges. Elle montre que les champignons responsables des onychomycoses chez les sujets âges sont principalement des dermatophytes dont Trichophyton rubrum est l’espece predominante. Les dermatophytes sont suivis par les levures. Aucune moisissure n’a ete isolee.

Onychomycoses chez les sujets âgés

Portage asymptomatique de Leishmania infantum chez des malades tunisiens infectés par le VIH

Phtiriase ciliaire chez un nourrisson

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Quel est le rôle des parasites et des levures dans la genèse des blépharites chroniques

Onychomycoses chez les sujets âgés

Portage asymptomatique de Leishmania infantum chez des malades tunisiens infectés par le VIH

Phtiriase ciliaire chez un nourrisson