Background: Narrative exposure therapy (NET) is a short-term psychological treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that has been investigated in various contexts among traumatized refug...

https://tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/20008198.2018.1550344

The effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy: a review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis

The importance of the amygdala as a salience detector and in emotional learning is now well accepted. The mechanisms that regulate and inhibit the amygdala, however, are less well understood. This review provides evidence from imaging and lesion studies to support the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) as a moderator and inhibitor of the amygdala. The dual inhibition model centres on the broadly defined ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the distinct role of two of its subcomponents, the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. The dual inhibition model posits that these two regions, along with their associated inhibitory pathways, must interact for adequate inhibitory control of the amygdala and emotional regulation. Following a description of the model's experimental support, it is then proposed as a neuropsychological mechanism for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Flashbacks, as a defining feature of PTSD, are described in terms of a subcortical orienting network. Finally, there is a discussion of how a neuropsychological understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might inform a clinician's approach to treatment and how the dual inhibition model might have a more general application to understanding emotional dysregulation.

The Role of the Amygdala and the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Emotional Regulation: Implications for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

BackgroundChildren and adolescents display different symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than adults Whilst evidence for the effectiveness of psychological interventions has been synthesised for adults, this is not directly applicable to younger people Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis synthesised studies investigating the effectiveness of psychological interventions for PTSD in children, adolescents and young adults It provides an update to previous reviews investigating interventions in children and adolescents, whilst investigating young adults for the first timeMethodsWe searched published and grey literature to obtain randomised control trials assessing psychological interventions for PTSD in young people published between 2011 and 2019 Quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool Data were analysed using univariate random-effects meta-analysisResultsFrom 15 373 records, 27 met criteria for inclusion, and 16 were eligible for meta-analysis There was a medium pooled effect size for all psychological interventions (d = −044, 95% CI −068 to −020), as well as for Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) (d = −030, 95% CI −058 to −002); d = −046, 95% CI −081 to −012)ConclusionsSome, but not all, psychological interventions commonly used to treat PTSD in adults were effective in children, adolescents and young adults Interventions specifically adapted for younger people were also effective Our results support the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines which suggest children and adolescents be offered TF-CBT as a first-line treatment because of a larger evidence base, despite EMDR being more effective

/pdf/the-effectiveness-of-psychological-interventions-for-post-qu6ih5xg36.pdf

The effectiveness of psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder in children, adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Trauma-focused psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) includes a range of theoretical approaches, but primarily is based on cognitive-behavioral theory. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is another type of trauma-focused psychotherapy. Although there is some evidence to support present-centered and interpersonal approaches, trauma-focused psychotherapies have the most empirical support and are the most effective for treating PTSD and related problems.

Focusing on trauma-focused psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder

Background and Objective: Millions of children and adolescents worldwide suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other problems due to prolonged exposure to traumatizing events. Forms...

https://tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/20008198.2018.1558708

Treating children and adolescents with multiple traumas: a randomized clinical trial of narrative exposure therapy.

A comparison of Narrative Exposure Therapy and Prolonged Exposure therapy for PTSD.

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A comparison of Narrative Exposure Therapy and Prolonged Exposure therapy for PTSD.