The neutron-rich edge of the nuclear landscape: Experiment and theory.

This review concentrates on the specific properties and characteristics of damage structures generated with high-energy ions in the electronic energy loss regime. Irradiation experiments with so-called swift heavy ions (SHI) find applications in many different fields, with examples presented in ion-track nanotechnology, radiation hardness analysis of functional materials, and laboratory tests of cosmic radiation. The basics of the SHI-solid interaction are described with special attention to processes in the electronic subsystem. The broad spectrum of damage phenomena is exemplified for various materials and material classes, along with a description of typical characterization techniques. The review also presents state-of-the-art modeling efforts that try to account for the complexity of the coupled processes of the electronic and atomic subsystems. Finally, the relevance of SHI phenomena for effects induced by fission fragments in nuclear fuels and how this knowledge can be applied to better estimate damage risks in nuclear materials is discussed.

Fundamental phenomena and applications of swift heavy ion irradiations

In this review, we describe the experimental facilities and methods which make it possible to produce and measure the properties of the extreme neutron rich nuclei. We then develop the theoretical framework that will accompany us along the review; the shell-model approach with large scale configuration interaction (mixing) SM-CI, with special emphasis in the competition between the spherical mean field and the nuclear correlations (mainly pairing and quadrupole-quadrupole). The symmetry properties of the latter are treated in detail as they will show to be of great heuristic value. We explore in detail the Islands of Inversion (IoI) at N=20 and N=28. We make a side excursion into the heavier Calcium and Potassium isotopes, to discuss current issues on shell evolution and new magic numbers far from stability. We visit the N=40 Island of Inversion. We discuss the doubly magic nucleus 78Ni, its shape coexistence and the prospect of a new IoI at N=50 below Z=28. We examine the N=70 and N=82 neutron closures approaching the neutron drip line.

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The Neutron-Rich Edge of the Nuclear Landscape. Experiment and Theory.

An array of powerful neutrino-beam experiments will study the fundamental properties of neutrinos with unprecedented precision in the coming years. Along with their primary neutrinophysics motivations, there has been growing recognition that these experiments can carry out a rich program of searches for new, light, weakly-coupled particles that are part of a dark sector. In this white paper, we review the diverse theoretical motivations for dark sectors and the capabilities of neutrino beam experiments to probe a wide range of models and signatures. We also examine the potential obstacles that could limit these prospects and identify concrete steps needed to realize an impactful dark sector search program in this and coming decades. Submitted to the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021)

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Dark Sector Studies with Neutrino Beams

We investigated optimum choices of accelerator parameters for superconducting-technology-based heavy-ion linear accelerator (linac) to achieve the high beam quality at an in-flight target with a high beam power of 400 kW. The superconducting linac system is designed to provide a stable-ion beams from protons to uranium with energies of 600 MeV and 200 MeV/u, respectively. The linac optics is also designed such that the effects of envelope instability, parametric resonance between the transverse and longitudinal planes, beam steering effect due to asymmetric field in quarter-wave resonance (QWR) cavities, and emittance growth in charge strippers due to the straggling effect, parametric resonance, and envelope instability become as small as possible. The dimensions of the warm and cold sections in the low-energy section which mainly determine the longitudinal acceptance of the linac are optimized to achieve a longitudinal acceptance larger than 27 keV/u-ns enabling stable operation. The tracking simulation for the uranium beam was performed and we achieved the transverse normalized rms emittance of 0.095 mm-mrad and longitudinal rms emittance of 2.10 keV/u-ns at the end of designed linac without uncontrolled beam losses along the linac. In order to estimate the degradation of the machine performance due to imperfections such as misalignment, ripple of the magnet power source, and phase and power variation of the RF source, the particle tracking simulation was performed and the uncontrolled beam loss with the machine imperfection without the orbit and optics correction was less than 1 W/m which is a condition required for machine operation. The optimum scheme for orbit correction in the low-energy linac is investigated based on the transfer matrix of the elements and the validation of the scheme is confirmed by the particle tracking simulation using TRACK code.

Beam Dynamics for High-Power Superconducting Heavy-Ion Linear Accelerator of RAON

The RAON is the name of the heavy ion accelerator facility under construction in Korea that includes the In-flight Fragment (IF) and Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) facilities to support cutting-edge research in various science fields. The superconducting linac is the driver for the IF facility that can accelerate beams from proton to uranium with 200 MeV/u, 400 kW (for uranium beam). A 70-MeV, 1-mA H− cyclotron is the driver for the ISOL facility and is followed by a post-accelerator consisting of s superconducting linac that can accelerate rare-isotope (RI) beams and deliver them to experimental halls. These facilities provide high-intensity stable ion and rare isotope (RI) beams for domestic and international users. In this paper, design and prototyping efforts for the RAON accelerator systems are presented.

Design of the RAON accelerator systems

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Design of the RAON accelerator systems