The cosmic-ray hydrogen and helium (H-1, H-2, He-3, He-4) isotopic composition has been measured with the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA, which was launched into low-Earth orbit on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on 2006 June 15. The rare isotopes H-2 and He-3 in cosmic rays are believed to originate mainly from the interaction of high-energy protons and helium with the galactic interstellar medium. The isotopic composition was measured between 100 and 1100 MeV/n for hydrogen and between 100 and 1400 MeV/n for helium isotopes using two different detector systems over the 23rd solar minimum from 2006 July to 2007 December.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/68/pdf

Measurements of cosmic-ray hydrogen and helium isotopes with the pamela experiment

Cosmic ray detection in space

We present an update on CRDB, the cosmic-ray database for charged species. CRDB is based on MySQL, queried and sorted by jquery and table-sorter libraries, and displayed via PHP web pages through the AJAX protocol. We review the modifications made on the structure and outputs of the database since the first release (Maurin et al., 2014). For this update, the most important feature is the inclusion of ultra-heavy nuclei (Z>30), ultra-high energy nuclei (from 1015 to 1020 eV), and limits on antinuclei fluxes (Z≤−1 for A>1); more than 100 experiments, 350 publications, and 40,000 data points are now available in CRDB. We also revisited and simplified how users can retrieve data and submit new ones. For questions and requests, please contact crdb@lpsc.in2p3.fr.

Cosmic-Ray Database Update: Ultra-High Energy, Ultra-Heavy, and Antinuclei Cosmic-Ray Data (CRDB v4.0)

A drift chamber tracking system was developed and flown as part of the IMAX balloon-borne magnetic spectrometer. The drift chamber uses a hexagonal drift-cell structure and is filled with pure CO2 gas. It operated with high efficiency in the strong and inhomogenous field of a superconducting magnet, demonstrating a spatial resolution of better than 100 μm over most of the drift path for singly charged particles, as well as for helium and lithium nuclei. The drift chamber portion of the spectrometer achieved a maximum detectable rigidity of 175 and 250 GV/c for protons and helium respectively.

Performance of drift chambers in a magnetic rigidity spectrometer for measuring the cosmic radiation

The silicon sampling calorimeter presented is conceived as a fine grained imaging device to carry out studies of the anti-matter component in the primary cosmic radiation; it will be used in balloon payload program starting in 1993. The first sampling layer (48×48 cm2) of this silicon calorimeter has been completed and successfully tested. We report the first results form studies performed at the CERN PS t7 beam. The complete calorimeter contains 20 xy sampling layers (strip pitch 3.6 mm) interleaved with 19 showering material planes (tungsten 0.5 X0). This allows to picture the transverse distributions of the shower in both coordinates at each sampling. The outstanding imaging capabilities reflects in high particle identification power. Preliminary results from beam tests performed with antiprotons at 3.5 GeV on a tower prototype of the calorimeter are reported.

http://people.roma2.infn.it/~morselli/A15Sil_Cal_NuclPhys.pdf

Silicon calorimeter for cosmic antimatter search

In this paper the WiZard experiment to be performed at the U.S. Space Station Freedom is presented. The apparatus will operate at the Astromag facility as a magnetic spectrometer dedicated to the search of primordial antimatter in the cosmic radiation. Several additional questions in the field of astrophysics and cosmology like solar flares, the galactic anisotropy, spectra of heavier nuclei (from carbon to iron), gamma-ray astronomy and others will also be investigated with such an apparatus and are discussed as well. The configuration of the apparatus, its integration and the description of each detector is covered in detail. Ground and flight operations are described together with discussion on data reduction and analysis. Finally, the mission planning and the onboard crew operations are also outlined.

/pdf/wizard-a-program-to-measure-cosmic-ray-antiprotons-and-2xtf6g8hd2.pdf

WiZard: a program to measure cosmic-ray antiprotons and positrons, and search for primordial antimatter

We present a new concept for a high energy gamma ray telescope with an extended energy range and excellent energy and angular resolution. Astrogam is a pair production telescope which was designed to use the magnetic field of the Space Station Freedom Astrogam facility to separate the e+‐e− pair and accurately measure the momentum of each particle (Eichler and Adams 1987). Astrogam will extend spectral measurements to higher energies, thus closing the gap between satellite and ground‐based observations.

ASTROGAM: A magnetic rigidity spectrometer for gamma ray astronomy

The rare isotopes ^(2)H and ^(3)He in cosmic rays are believed to originate mainly from the interaction of high energy protons and helium with the galactic interstellar medium. The unique propagation history of these rare isotopes provides important constraints on galactic cosmic ray source spectra and on models for their propagation within the Galaxy. Hydrogen and helium isotopes were measured with the balloon-borne experiment, IMAX, which flew from Lynn Lake, Manitoba in 1992. The energy spectrum of deuterium between 0.5 and 3.2 GeV/nucleon measured by the IMAX experiment as well as previously published results of ^(3)He from the same instrument will be compared with predictions of cosmic ray galactic propagation models. The observed composition of the light isotopes is found to be generally consistent with the predictions of the standard Leaky Box Model derived to fit observations of heavier nuclei

/pdf/a-measurement-of-cosmic-ray-deuterium-from-0-5-2-9-gev-59ezg8ket8.pdf

A Measurement of Cosmic Ray Deuterium from 0.5-2.9 GeV/nucleon

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WiZard: a program to measure cosmic-ray antiprotons and positrons, and search for primordial antimatter

ASTROGAM: A magnetic rigidity spectrometer for gamma ray astronomy

A Measurement of Cosmic Ray Deuterium from 0.5-2.9 GeV/nucleon