This paper presents the evaluation of saturation and cross-magnetization effects in an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) over the entire range of direct- and quadrature-axis excitations. The conventional two-axis machine model is modified in order to include the influence of saturation and cross-coupling effects on the variation of self- and cross-coupling inductances in the direct and the quadrature axis. The two-axis machine model parameters are evaluated by experiments performed on an IPMSM using a controlled voltage-source inverter and are compared with parameter values evaluated by the finite-element method. The evaluation of two-axis machine model parameters reveals significant saturation and cross-magnetization effects in both axes, especially in the flux-weakening regime.

Evaluation of saturation and cross-magnetization effects in interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor

Induction generators are increasingly being used in nonconventional energy systems such as wind, micro/mini hydro, etc. The advantages of using an induction generator instead of a synchronous generator are well known. Some of them are reduced unit cost and size, ruggedness, brushless (in squirrel cage construction), absence of separate dc source, ease of maintenance, self-protection against severe overloads and short circuits, etc. In isolated systems, squirrel cage induction generators with capacitor excitation, known as self-excited induction generators (SEIGs), are very popular. This paper presents an exhaustive survey of the literature over the past 25 years discussing the process of self-excitation and voltage buildup, modeling, steady-state, and transient analysis, reactive power control methods, and parallel operation of SEIG.

Three-phase self-excited induction generators: an overview

This paper presents the evaluation of saturation and cross-magnetization effects in an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) over the entire range of direct- and quadrature-axis excitations. The conventional two-axis machine model is modified in order to include the influence of saturation and cross-coupling effects on the variation of self- and cross-cou- pling inductances in the direct and the quadrature axis. The two-axis machine model parameters are evaluated by experiments performed on an IPMSM using a controlled voltage-source in- verter and are compared with parameter values evaluated by the finite-element method. The evaluation of two-axis machine model parameters reveals significant saturation and cross-magnetization effects in both axes, especially in the flux-weakening regime. Index Terms—Cross-magnetization, interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), saturation, two-axis machine model.

Evaluation of Saturation and Cross-Magnetization Effects in Interior Permanent-Magnet

Induction generators are increasingly being used in nonconventional energy systems such as wind, mini/micro-hydro, biogas, etc. The advantages of using an induction generator instead of synchronous generator are well known. Some of them are reduced unit cost and size, ruggedness, absence of separate DC source, ease of maintenance, self-protection against severe overloads and short circuits, etc. An attempt is made in this paper to present an exhaustive bibliography on the application of induction generators in nonconventional energy systems.

Bibliography on the application of induction generators in nonconventional energy systems

http://w3.gazi.edu.tr/~icolak/folders/SinghGK-atif.pdf

Self-excited induction generator research—a survey

A detailed analysis of the phenomenon of cross-saturation is presented and it is shown that in a smooth-air-gap quadrature-phase machine this phenomenon is similar to the phenomenon of the demagnetizing effect of cross-magnetizing armature reaction in a d.c. machine. In a quadrature-phase smooth-air-gap machine the resultant air-gap flux density distribution is decreased over one half of the pole-pitch and is increased under the other half of the pole-pitch and due to saturation the decrease is greater than the increase. Thus under saturated conditions, if the resultant m.m.f. distribution is displaced from the magnetic axes of the windings, a change in the quadrature-axis magnetizing current will cause a change of flux linkage in the direct-axis winding and vice versa, a change in the direct-axis magnetizing current will cause a change of flux linkage in the quadrature-axis winding. It is an important result that cross-saturation can also exist if the m.m.f. distributions are assumed to be sinusoidal. A physical derivation of the cross-saturation coupling factor is presented and a test is described which shows the existence of cross-saturation. A theoretical analysis of the experiment gives results which are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Cross-Saturation in Smooth-Air-Gap Electrical Machines

The theory of saturated smooth-air-gap machines is applied to the analysis of the transient performance of a self-excited induction generator. Performance equations for this machine are given which utilize the saturated magnetizing inductance L/sub m/= mod psi /sub m/ mod / mod i/sub m/ mod and its derivative dL/sub m//d mod i/sub m/ mod , where psi /sub m/ and i/sub m/ are vectors. The self-excitation process, the switching in of a purely resistive load and of a load with resistors in series with capacitors are studied. Measured results are compared with those computed from the performance equations, and the two are shown to be in good agreement. >

The analysis of a saturated self-excited asynchronous generator

A nonlinear field-oriented model is derived for saturated AC machines. The theory is applied to a field-oriented controlled induction machine operating in the field-weakening region where the change of saturation of the main flux paths plays an important role. It is shown that with the implemented current control, the control response is seriously distorted by the effects of variable saturation during field-weakening. When the linear model is used it is not possible to show these distortions.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel3/1246/904/00023369.pdf

Field-oriented control of saturated AC machines

The paper describes alternatives to the conventional approach to the small-signal analysis of drive systems incorporating smooth-air-gap electrical machines. The alternatives utilize space-vector techniques and collinearity transformations. It is shown that space-vector techniques greatly simplify the derivation and formulation of the small-signal equations and the motional impedance matrix can be replaced by a very much simpler motional angular frequency matrix. Some important factors influencing the stability of open-loop and closed-loop induction motor drives are also analysed.

Small-signal Analysis of Smooth-air-gap Machines Using Space-vector Theory

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Papers

Cross-Saturation in Smooth-Air-Gap Electrical Machines

The analysis of a saturated self-excited asynchronous generator

Field-oriented control of saturated AC machines

Small-signal Analysis of Smooth-air-gap Machines Using Space-vector Theory