A redox hydrogel with an apparent electron diffusion coefficient (Dapp) of (5.8 ± 0.5) × 10-6 cm2 s-1 is described. The order of magnitude increase in Dapp relative to previously studied redox hydrogels results from the tethering of redox centers to the backbone of the cross-linked redox polymer backbone through 13 atom spacer arms. The long and flexible tethers allow the redox centers to sweep electrons from large-volume elements and to collect electrons of glucose oxidase efficiently. The spacer arms make the collection of electrons from glucose oxidase so efficient that glucose is electrooxidized already at −0.36 V versus Ag/AgCl, the reversible potential of the redox potential of the FAD/FADH2 centers of the enzyme at pH 7.2. The limiting current density of 1.15 mA cm-2 is reached at a potential as low as −0.1 V versus Ag/AgCl. The novel redox center of the polymer is a tris-dialkylated N,N‘-biimidazole Os2+/3+ complex. Its redox potential, −0.195 V versus Ag/AgCl, is 0.8 V reducing relative to that o...

Long tethers binding redox centers to polymer backbones enhance electron transport in enzyme "Wiring" hydrogels.

In the present work the oxidation of ferrocene, Fe(C5H5)2, to the ferrocenium cation, Fe(C2H5)2
 +, was examined in the solvents acetonitrile (ACN), acetone (ACE), N-methylformamide (NMF), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetanide (DMA), 3-pentanone (PEN), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dichloromethane (DCM) over the temperature range from 248.15 to 298.15 K using the technique of cyclic voltammetry. The anodic (E
 pa) and the cathodic (E
 pc) peak potentials, as well as the corresponding anodic (i
 pa) and cathodic (i
 pc) peak currents, were obtained at different scan rates (0.02, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.10 V ·s–1). The half-wave potentials (E
 1/2) of the Fe(C2H5)2
 +/Fe(C5H5)2 couple in the investigated solvent media have been evaluated. The diffusion coefficients (D) have been calculated using the Randles-Sevcik equation. The effects of changing the scan rate, the temperature and properties of the solvent medium such as viscosity and donor number on the electrochemical behavior of ferrocene have been examined.

Cyclic Voltammetric Studies of Ferrocene in Nonaqueous Solvents in the Temperature Range from 248.15 to 298.15 K

A monolayer of a phosphonated triarylamine adsorbed on nanocrystalline TiO2, ZrO2, or Al2O3 film deposited on conducting glass displays reversible electrochemical and electrochromic behavior although the redox potential of the electroactive molecules (0.80 V vs NHE) lies in the forbidden band of the semiconducting or insulating oxides. The mechanism of charge transport was found to involve hole injection from the conducting support followed by lateral electron hopping within the monolayer. The apparent diffusion coefficient ranged from 2.8 × 10-12 m2 s-1 in the neat 1-ethyl-2-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EtMeIm+Tf2N-) to 1.1 × 10-11 m2 s-1 in acetonitrile + 2 M EtMeIm+Tf2N-. A percolation threshold for electronic conductivity was found at a surface coverage corresponding to 50% of a full monolayer.

Efficient lateral electron transport inside a monolayer of aromatic amines anchored on nanocrystalline metal oxide films

Coordination Chemistry in Two Dimensions: Chemically Modified Electrodes

Electron hopping vs. molecular diffusion as charge transfer mechanisms in redox polymer films

Transfer diffusion. II. Kinetics of electron exchange reaction between ferrocene and ferricinium ion in alcohols

The impacts on faecal pollution analysis using nucleic acid-based methods, such as PCR and sequencing, in health-related water quality research were assessed by rigorous literature analysis. A wide range of application areas and study designs has been identified since the first application more than 30 years ago (>1,100 publications). Given the consistency of methods and assessment types, we suggest defining this emerging part of science as a new discipline: genetic faecal pollution diagnostics (GFPD) in health-related microbial water quality analysis. Undoubtedly, GFPD has already revolutionised faecal pollution detection and microbial source tracking, the current core applications. GFPD is also expanding to many other research areas, including infection and health risk assessment, evaluation of microbial water treatment, and support of wastewater surveillance. In addition, storage of DNA extracts allows for biobanking, which opens up new perspectives. The tools of GFPD can be combined with cultivation-based standardised faecal indicator enumeration, pathogen detection, and various environmental data types, in an integrated data analysis approach. This comprehensive meta-analysis provides the scientific status quo of this field, including trend analyses and literature statistics, outlining identified application areas, and discussing the benefits and challenges of nucleic acid-based analysis in GFPD.

/pdf/have-genetic-targets-for-faecal-pollution-diagnostics-and-jgm95typ.pdf

Have genetic targets for faecal pollution diagnostics and source tracking revolutionised water quality analysis yet?

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.668778.].

Corrigendum: Genetic microbial source tracking support QMRA modeling for a riverine wetland drinking water resource

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Transfer diffusion. II. Kinetics of electron exchange reaction between ferrocene and ferricinium ion in alcohols

Have genetic targets for faecal pollution diagnostics and source tracking revolutionised water quality analysis yet?

Corrigendum: Genetic microbial source tracking support QMRA modeling for a riverine wetland drinking water resource