Few published studies have compared epidemiological data on the prevalence, incidence or relative frequency of the different interstitial lung diseases. In this review, the data of such registries from three countries in Europe (Belgium, Germany and Italy) are compared with those in the USA (Bernalillo County, NM). These registries show some striking similarities, but also discrepancies, which in part may be real, but may also be due to selection bias. Indeed, the registries in the European countries encompass the patients seen by pulmonologists, while the registry in Bernalillo County is based on a general population study in a limited area. In addition, in some studies, prevalences and incidences were registered, while in others, only prevalences or incidences were registered. Finally, most, but not all studies were prospective. Nonetheless, the different studies showed that sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, interstitial lung diseases due to collagen vascular diseases and not-defined (or postinflammatory) fibrosis were most frequent. In the majority of disease entities a male predominance was found. Surprisingly large differences in the use of diagnostic techniques, such as high-resolution computed tomography, bronchoalveolar lavage, open lung biopsy and transbronchial lung biopsy, were noted between the different studies.

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/18/32_suppl/114s.full.pdf

Comparison of registries of interstitial lung diseases in three European countries

The current authors aimed to quantify how the likelihood for a given diagnosis changes with the knowledge of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell differentials. As an initial estimate (a priori probability), frequencies of final diagnoses were taken. Using categorisations for cell differentials, a posteriori probabilities were then derived for each disease, according to Bayes. The analysis was performed in three of five groups of diagnoses suspected prior to BAL: interstitial lung disease (ILD; n=710), inflammatory disease (n=583), or lung tumour mimicking ILD (n=455). Overall, out of 1,971 patients, 18.3% had sarcoidosis, 7.7% usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), 4.4% extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA), and 19.0% tumours. In the group with suspected ILD, the likelihood for sarcoidosis increased from 33.7 to 68.1% when lymphocyte numbers were 30-50% and granulocyte numbers were low; the likelihood for UIP increased from 15.8 to 33.3% when lymphocyte numbers were <30% with granulocytes elevated. CD4/CD8 was informative, especially in sarcoidosis and EAA. Despite considerable increases, the likelihood of rare diseases rarely reached appreciable values. Similar results were obtained in the other two groups of suspected diagnoses. In conclusion, these data suggest that bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts per se provide substantial diagnostic information only in relatively frequent diseases, such as sarcoidosis and usual interstitial pneumonia, and are less helpful in infrequent diseases.

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/24/6/1000.full.pdf

Predictive value of BAL cell differentials in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) include more than 160 ubiquitous, environmental, acid-fast-staining bacterial species, some of which may cause disease in humans. Chronic pulmonary infection is the most common clinical manifestation. Although patients suffering from chronic lung diseases are particularly susceptible to NTM pulmonary disease, many affected patients have no apparent risk factors. Host and pathogen factors leading to NTM pulmonary disease are not well understood and preventive therapies are lacking. NTM isolation and pulmonary disease are reported to rise in frequency in Europe as well as in other parts of the world. Differentiation between contamination, infection, and disease remains challenging. Treatment of NTM pulmonary disease is arduous, lengthy, and costly. Correlations between results of in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing and clinical treatment outcomes are only evident for the Mycobacterium avium complex, M. kansasii, and some rapidly growing mycobacteria. We describe the epidemiology of NTM pulmonary disease as well as emerging NTM pathogens and their geographical distribution in non-cystic fibrosis patients in Europe. We also review recent innovations for the diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease, summarize treatment recommendations, and identify future research priorities to improve the management of patients affected by NTM pulmonary disease.

/pdf/pulmonary-disease-caused-by-non-tuberculous-mycobacteria-3tl7f27492.pdf

Pulmonary Disease Caused by Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria

First results on daytime submandibular electrostimulation of suprahyoidal muscles to prevent night-time hypopharyngeal collapse in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Acute episodes of farmer's lung (FL) are associated with activation and migration of neutrophils into the lungs, causing oxidative stress. We conducted a study to evaluate the effect of episodes of FL on antioxidant defense of the lung by glutathione (GSH). A total of 15 patients with symptomatic FL (one female and 14 males, age 42 ± 1 yr [mean ± SEM]) underwent a standardized hay exposure test for 1 h and were then monitored through lung function measurements for 6 h, after which bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed. As a control, 10 asymptomatic farmers (AF) (two males and eight females, age 43 ± 1 yr) underwent the same diagnostic procedures. At 3 to 6 h after antigen exposure, the lung function of FL patients was significantly impaired (VC: − 31 ± 4%; single-breath diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide [Dl CO]: − 17 ± 3%; and PaO2 : − 14 ± 2%, all versus baseline, whereas in AF, only minor changes occurred VC: − 4 ± 5%; Dl CO: − 9 ± 3%, and PaO2 : − 5 ± 2%, all versus baseline). The number of ne...

https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/ajrccm.161.6.9907112

Pulmonary glutathione levels in acute episodes of Farmer's lung.

/pdf/deutsche-gesellschaft-fur-pneumologie-empfehlungen-zur-jxcyhp8xbe.pdf

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie - Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik der nosokomialen Pneumonie -

/pdf/deutsche-gesellschaft-fur-pneumologie-1i10hfiq2p.pdf

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie

Nontuberculous mycobacterioses comprise a group of diseases caused by mycobacteria which do not belong to the Mycobacterium (M.) tuber- culosis complex and are not ascribed to M. leprae. These mycobacteria are characterized by a broad variety as to environmental distribution and adaptation. Some of the species may cause specif- ic diseases, especially in patients with underlying immunosuppressive diseases, chronic pulmonary diseases or genetic predisposition, respectively. Worldwide a rising prevalence and significance of nontuberculous mycobacterioses can be recog- nized. The present recommendations summarise actual aspects of epidemiology, pathogenesis, cli- nical aspects, diagnostics - especially microbiolo- gical methods including susceptibility testing -, and specific treatment for the most relevant spe- cies. Diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterioses during childhood and in HIV-in- fected individuals are described in separate chap- ters.

/pdf/empfehlungen-zur-diagnostik-und-therapie-nichttuberkuloser-1akb3c3hc1.pdf

Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie nichttuberkulöser Mykobakteriosen des Deutschen Zentralkomitees zur Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose (DZK) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP) Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterioses of the German Central Committee against Tuberculosis and the German Respiratory Society

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

K. Dalhoff

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie - Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik der nosokomialen Pneumonie -

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie