Cosmic ray detection in space

A drift chamber tracking system was developed and flown as part of the IMAX balloon-borne magnetic spectrometer. The drift chamber uses a hexagonal drift-cell structure and is filled with pure CO2 gas. It operated with high efficiency in the strong and inhomogenous field of a superconducting magnet, demonstrating a spatial resolution of better than 100 μm over most of the drift path for singly charged particles, as well as for helium and lithium nuclei. The drift chamber portion of the spectrometer achieved a maximum detectable rigidity of 175 and 250 GV/c for protons and helium respectively.

Performance of drift chambers in a magnetic rigidity spectrometer for measuring the cosmic radiation

The silicon sampling calorimeter presented is conceived as a fine grained imaging device to carry out studies of the anti-matter component in the primary cosmic radiation; it will be used in balloon payload program starting in 1993. The first sampling layer (48×48 cm2) of this silicon calorimeter has been completed and successfully tested. We report the first results form studies performed at the CERN PS t7 beam. The complete calorimeter contains 20 xy sampling layers (strip pitch 3.6 mm) interleaved with 19 showering material planes (tungsten 0.5 X0). This allows to picture the transverse distributions of the shower in both coordinates at each sampling. The outstanding imaging capabilities reflects in high particle identification power. Preliminary results from beam tests performed with antiprotons at 3.5 GeV on a tower prototype of the calorimeter are reported.

http://people.roma2.infn.it/~morselli/A15Sil_Cal_NuclPhys.pdf

Silicon calorimeter for cosmic antimatter search

The advantages of using cold silicon detectors and cold electronic readout for time-of-flight measurements are presented. We show how the operation of silicon strip detectors and associated electronic readout at low temperature (−55°C) allows the reduction of several noise components with respect to the operation at room temperature. Measurements are reported for single silicon strip detectors displaying the compression of the rise time of charge pulse at low temperature. A noise reduction with temperature of a cold silicon detector was also measured in a testing device operated at −20°C. The measured width of the energy loss distribution of90Sr electrons traversing 300 μm silicon detector thickness improves by 10% for temperature variations from +20°C to −20°C.

Cold silicon detectors for time-of-flight measurements

This program was established for the purpose of studying projectile fragmentation; (1) as a function of energy, focusing first on the intermediate energy region, < 1 GeV/nucleon, where there have been few previous measurements and no systematic studies, and (2) as a function of projectile mass, starting with light beams and proceeding to species as heavy as nickel (and possibly beyond). The intermediate energy region is important as the transition between the lower energy data, where the interaction appears to be dominated by collective effects and the decay of excited nuclei, and the highest energy results, where nucleon-nucleon interactions are fundamental, limiting fragmentation'' applies, and the nucleus may well break-up before any de-excitation. The mass dependence of projectile fragmentation is largely unknown since most detailed work has involved light ion beams. Nuclear structure effects, for example, may well be quite prominent for heavier beams. Furthermore, the nuclear excitation functions for the production of different fragment isotopes have immediate application to the astrophysical interpretation of existing isotopic datasets obtained from balloon and satellite measurements of galactic cosmic rays.

/pdf/nuclear-interactions-of-high-energy-heavy-ions-and-4qfkw7fqy5.pdf

Nuclear interactions of high energy heavy ions and applications in astrophysics

In this paper the WiZard experiment to be performed at the U.S. Space Station Freedom is presented. The apparatus will operate at the Astromag facility as a magnetic spectrometer dedicated to the search of primordial antimatter in the cosmic radiation. Several additional questions in the field of astrophysics and cosmology like solar flares, the galactic anisotropy, spectra of heavier nuclei (from carbon to iron), gamma-ray astronomy and others will also be investigated with such an apparatus and are discussed as well. The configuration of the apparatus, its integration and the description of each detector is covered in detail. Ground and flight operations are described together with discussion on data reduction and analysis. Finally, the mission planning and the onboard crew operations are also outlined.

/pdf/wizard-a-program-to-measure-cosmic-ray-antiprotons-and-2xtf6g8hd2.pdf

WiZard: a program to measure cosmic-ray antiprotons and positrons, and search for primordial antimatter

A drift chamber telescope was exposed to heavy ion beams at the LBL Bevalac in Berkeley, California, to study the spatial resolution obtainable for a variety of different heavy ions. The conclusion from this study is that it is feasible to measure the tracks of heavy ions with excellent spatial resolutions using different signal processing techniques, as long as the drift chamber is operated with only moderate charge amplification, in order to eliminate δ-ray effects. Using constant fraction or center of charge gravity timing, drift chambers can determine heavy ion tracks with excellent precision and spatial resolutions clearly below 100 μm.

A drift chamber telescope for heavy ion track detection with high spatial resolution

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WiZard: a program to measure cosmic-ray antiprotons and positrons, and search for primordial antimatter

A drift chamber telescope for heavy ion track detection with high spatial resolution