We designed, fabricated, and tested a sweat-based conductivity sensor device toward a real-time, non-invasive physiological condition monitoring device for humans. Sweat collector, conductivity sensor, and the interfacing circuit were developed and combined to form a wearable device. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based sweat collector was fabricated to collect sweat from skin using the hydraulic pumping action of sweat glands. PDMS sweat collectors were prepared using 3D printed plastic molds. The interfacing circuit was designed based on the results of the conductivity sensor that was characterized by the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Human testing was performed to prove the feasibility of the proposed sweat sensing system for the real-time non-invasive monitoring of human sweat. The first reading from the device was obtained in 7–20 min depending on the subject and the location of the electrodes. Sweat rate plateaued after a consistent work load of exercise, as was expected. The sweat conductivity decayed after the first readings due to the initial mineral content of the skin. Finally, an increasing trend in sweat conductivity was observed which may be due to subjects’ changing hydration level.

/pdf/a-wearable-conductivity-sensor-for-wireless-real-time-sweat-4xhv1lfr9k.pdf

A wearable conductivity sensor for wireless real-time sweat monitoring

Advancing our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry, biology, and ecosystems relies on the ability to make observations both in the ocean and at the critical boundaries between the ocean and other earth systems at relevant spatial and temporal scales. After decades of advancement in ocean observing technologies, one of the key remaining challenges is how to cost-effectively make measurements at the increased resolution necessary for illuminating complex system processes and rapidly evolving changes. In recent years, biogeochemical and biological in situ sensors have been emerging that are three-fold or more lower in cost than established technologies,; cost reduction for many biological in situ sensors has also been significant, although the absolute costs are still relatively high. with cCost savings in these advancements has been driven by miniaturization, new methods of packaging, and lower-cost mass-produced components such as electronics and materials. Recently, field projects have demonstrated the potential for sciencequality data collection via large-scale deployments using cost-effective sensors and deployment strategies. In the coming decade, it is envisioned that ocean biogeochemistry and biology observations will be revolutionized by continued innovation in sensors with increasingly low price points and the scale-up of deployments of these in situ sensor technologies. The goal of this study is therefore to: (1) provide a review of existing sensor technologies that are already achieving costeffectiveness compared with traditional instrumentation, (2) present case studies of cost-effective in situ deployments that can provide insight into methods for bridging observational gaps, (3) identify key challenge areas where progress in cost reduction is lagging, and (4) present a number of potentially transformative directions for future ocean biogeochemical and biological studies using cost-effective technologies and deployment strategies.

/pdf/advancing-observation-of-ocean-biogeochemistry-biology-and-2ehg6m27zw.pdf

Advancing Observation of Ocean Biogeochemistry, Biology, and Ecosystems With Cost-Effective in situ Sensing Technologies

Aquaculture is presented as a sustainable method to provide fish, although in reality, it is far from being sustainable. Its negative impacts on the environment can be prevented and corrected by the use of sensors, developing precision aquaculture. Sensors are widely used in terrestrial applications, but in underwater environments, their use is constrained by a variety of issues. The aim of this paper is to describe the state-of-the-art of the underwater sensors for water quality monitoring. First, the requirements and challenges of underwater sensors for aquaculture monitoring are discussed in detail. The main challenges are the need of a waterproof isolation or the need to avoid corrosion and biofouling, among others. Second, there are some advantages compared with the terrestrial applications, such as no need of minimized systems or the fact that such systems only require low accuracy. Subsequently, we evaluated the different options available to sense each variable, related to the needs of the aquaculture sensors. For temperature monitoring, thermistors, thermocouples or RTC seem to offer similar advantages. In contrast, for dissolved oxygen monitoring, the optical method seems to be the best option. For turbidity, optical methods are the most employed ones, while for conductivity measurements, the inductive coils are a promising option.

/pdf/physical-sensors-for-precision-aquaculture-a-review-2rk9nl15nj.pdf

Physical Sensors for Precision Aquaculture: A Review

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0360/pdf

Review-Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensor for Lactate Detection in Human Biofluids

The possibility of using the gold-plated pins of micro-USB connectors as electrodes with sub-mm separation for water conductivity monitoring is here proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Thanks to the ubiquitousness and affordability of these shielded, 4-wire cables, this solution aims at representing an alternative to expensive and delicate glass-based platinum probes, normally used in the study of stratified flows. We present also the design of Conduino, an open platform custom-tailored to measure the impedance of four of these probes. The performance of the full instrument demonstrated here (0.1-15 S/m conductivity range, 1% accuracy, 0.1% resolution and 11 ms sampling time) make it very promising for both fluid dynamics and environmental monitoring applications.

Conduino: Affordable and high-resolution multichannel water conductivity sensor using micro USB connectors

A miniature high precision conductivity and temperature (CT) sensor system has been developed for ocean salinity monitoring. The CT sensor is manufactured using micro fabrication technology. A novel seven-electrode conductivity cell has been developed which has no field leakage. This is combined with a platinum resistor temperature bridge to produce an integrated CT sensor. A generic impedance measurement circuit has been developed, with three-parameter sine fitting algorithm. It has a 1 month battery life at 10 s sampling interval. Calibration results show that the initial CT accuracies are ±0.03 mS/cm and ±0.01°C, respectively. Testing of the CT sensor has been performed in the north Atlantic and revealed drift in sensor readings after five weeks of operation.

/pdf/a-miniature-high-precision-conductivity-and-temperature-47qosjpdts.pdf

A Miniature, High Precision Conductivity and Temperature Sensor System for Ocean Monitoring

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

K. Chamberlain

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

A Miniature, High Precision Conductivity and Temperature Sensor System for Ocean Monitoring