We determined L1 antibodies for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18 and 45 by multiplex serology in our prospective HPV family study. We report seroprevalence, seroconversion and antibody decay in 290 women (mean age, 25.5 years) sampled before delivery and at 12, 24 and 36 months of follow-up. Multiplex HPV genotyping of the baseline oral and genital scrapings was performed. At baseline, seroprevalence of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 and 45 was 53.3, 21.5, 34.9, 21.5 and 9.0%, respectively. Seropositivity for low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) was associated significantly with age at onset of sexual activity (P=0.001), number of sexual partners until age 20 (P=0.018), lifetime number of sexual partners (P=0.0001), history of genital warts (P=0.0001) and being seropositive for high-risk (HR) HPV (P=0.0001). The same covariates also predicted seropositivity for HR-HPV. During follow-up, 26.7, 13.9, 17.0, 16.8 and 6.6% of the women seroconverted to L1 antigen of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 and 45, respectively, between 18.2 and 23.8 months. Independent predictors of seroconversion to LR-HPV were unemployment (P=0.019) and absence of anal sex practice (P=0.031), and to HR-HPV, absence of smoking history and lifetime number of sexual partners. Decay of HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 and 45 antibodies was observed in 2.3, 4.0, 5.3, 4.5 and 1.5 % of the women, respectively, with decay time varying from 27.2 to 35.8 months. These data imply that (i) a substantial proportion of young women are seropositive for both LR- and HR-HPV types, (ii) they frequently undergo seroconversion within 18-24 months, predicted by common covariates, and (iii) antibody decay over 3 years is rare.

Dynamics of human papillomavirus serology in women followed up for 36 months after pregnancy.

Background: Few human papillomavirus (HPV) seroprevalence studies have been carried out in women from low-resource countries.

Methods: Seroprevalence of antibodies against HPV16 and HPV18 was assessed in 7,074 women ≥15 years of age (median 44 years) from eight world areas. Serum antibodies against HPV16 and HPV18 were tested for using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HPV DNA was assessed using a general primer GP5+/6+–mediated PCR.

Results: HPV16 and HPV18 seroprevalence both ranged from <1% (Hanoi, Vietnam) to ≥25% (Nigeria). Of women who were HPV16 or HPV18 DNA-positive, seropositivity for the same type was 39.8% and 23.2%, respectively. Seropositivity for either type was directly associated with markers of sexual behavior. HPV16 and/or 18 (HPV16/18)–seropositive women had an increased risk of having cytologic abnormalities only if they were also HPV DNA-positive. A high international correlation was found between HPV16/18 seroprevalence and overall HPV DNA prevalence ( r = 0.81; P = 0.022). However, HPV16/18 seroprevalence was substantially higher than the corresponding DNA prevalence in all study areas (although to different extents) and, contrary to DNA, tended to increase from young to middle age, and then decline or remain fairly constant. In all study areas, the vast majority of the information on the burden of exposure to HPV16/18 derived from serology.

Conclusions: The correlation between HPV DNA and HPV serology was not very good at an individual woman level, but high at a population level.

Impact: HPV serology is a poor marker of current infection or related lesions, but it can contribute, together with DNA, in evaluating the variations in the burden of HPV infection worldwide. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2379–88. ©2010 AACR.

https://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/cebp/19/9/2379.full.pdf

Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Types 16 and 18 in Four Continents: the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV Prevalence Surveys

Age-specific human papillomavirus antibody and deoxyribonucleic acid prevalence: a global review.

Background: Serological indicators of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are being used to differentiate HPV-naive from previously infected women in vaccine and epidemiologic/clinical studies. We investigated HPV 16 and 18 seroepidemiology among young, unvaccinated women aged between 18 and 25. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of the enrollment visit in the ongoing community-based HPV 16/18 Costa Rica Vaccine Trial. Prevaccination serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured against HPV16 and HPV18 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; cervical samples were tested for HPV DNA using Hybrid Capture 2 and SPF 10 /LiPA 25 . Seroprevalence and its correlates were evaluated using unconditional logistic regression. Results: Among 5871 nonvirginal women, HPV16 and 18 seroprevalences were 30.8% and 28.1%, HPV16 and HPV18 DNA prevalences were 8.3% and 3.2%, respectively. About 37% of HPV16 DNA-positives and 42% of HPV 18 DNA-positives were seronegative. Seroprevalence increased with time since sexual debut, whereas DNA prevalence did not. The correlates of HPV 16 and/or 18 seropositivity were related to sexual behaviors, particularly higher number of lifetime sexual partners. There was no evidence of assay cross-reactivity as HPV16 seroprevalence was similar (approximately 34%) among women singly infected with genetically and nongenetically related species (α9 and non-α9); likewise, seropositivity to HPV 18 was similar (approximately 30%) among women singly infected with α7 and non-α7 species. Conclusions: The increasing seroprevalence observed with time since first sex suggests that HPV serology is a cumulative marker of HPV exposure. However, many DNA infected women were seronegative ; thus, serology is an imperfect measure of past exposure to cervical HPV, at best. Additionally, we found no evidence of assay cross-reactivity.

Seroprevalence and Correlates of Human Papillomavirus 16/18 Seropositivity Among Young Women in Costa Rica

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) serology is a main factor for designing vaccination programs and surveillance strategies; nevertheless, there are few reports of HPV seroprevalence in the general population, especially in Latin America. This study aimed to describe high-risk HPV serological prevalence, persistence, and association with concurrent cervical infection, in Chilean women.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1471-2334-14-361.pdf

Serological prevalence and persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women in Santiago, Chile

The aim of the study was to tailor a future Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine campaign and to help perform early primary prevention of HPV infection in Taiwan, where the incidence of cervical cancer is high. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 826 female students, ages 10, 13, 16 and 19-22 years. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on risk factors for HPV infection. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to HPV 16 capsids using a virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbence assay. The age-adjusted odds ratio of HPV seropositivity was calculated for each risk factor by multiple logistic regression analysis. HPV 16 antibodies were detected in 13 (1.6%) of 826 participants. The HPV 16 seroprevalence was 0.35% (1/287), 0.85% (2/235), 3.2% (6/185) and 3.4% (4/119), respectively, for age groups of 10, 13, 16 and 19-22 years. In the multiple regression analysis, the history of having sexual activity was the most significant risk predictor for HPV 16 seropositivity. The seroprevalence of HPV 16 increased dramatically among high school seniors and university students, and was significantly associated with sexual activity. Vaccination against HPV is suggested to be undertaken in early adolescence, before 16 years of age and prior to sexual debut.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Human Papillomavirus in Taiwan

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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Human Papillomavirus in Taiwan