A review of the biological response to ionic dissolution products from bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics

Bioactive glass in tissue engineering

Traditionally, bioactive glasses have been used to fill and restore bone defects. More recently, this category of biomaterials has become an emerging research field for bone tissue engineering applications. Here, we review and discuss current knowledge on porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds on the basis of melt-derived bioactive silicate glass compositions and relevant composite structures. Starting with an excerpt on the history of bioactive glasses, as well as on fundamental requirements for bone tissue engineering scaffolds, a detailed overview on recent developments of bioactive glass and glass-ceramic scaffolds will be given, including a summary of common fabrication methods and a discussion on the microstructural-mechanical properties of scaffolds in relation to human bone (structure-property and structure-function relationship). In addition, ion release effects of bioactive glasses concerning osteogenic and angiogenic responses are addressed. Finally, areas of future research are highlighted in this review.

https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/3034662/Metis245608.pdf

Bioactive Glass and Glass-Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Borate glasses are the technologically important class of glasses and play a significant role in various applications. Borate glasses contain planar BO3 groups as structural units, rather than tetrahedral SiO4 groups. The oxygen atoms are, as in SiO2, again connected to two network-forming atoms, in case of boron. The radial distribution analysis describes the B2O3 glass structure as consisting of boroxol rings, that is, planar rings containing three boron atoms and three oxygen atoms. The network forming of the B2O3 and the SiO4 is affected with the addition of some metal cation additives Pb, Zn, Cd, and so forth. These additives also work as a network modifier and a nucleating agent for crystallization of glass. Therefore, the optical properties of the borate glasses have been changed significantly.

https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2012/428497.pdf

A Review on Infrared Spectroscopy of Borate Glasses with Effects of Different Additives

Strontium signaling: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in osteoporosis.

Boron plays important roles in many life processes including embryogenesis, bone growth and maintenance, immune function and psychomotor skills. Thus, the delivery of boron by the degradation of borate glass is of special interest in biomedical applications. However, the cytotoxicity of borate glass which arises with the rapid release of boron has to be carefully considered. In this study, it was found that the incorporation of strontium into borate glass can not only moderate the rapid release of boron, but also induce the adhesion of osteoblast-like cells, SaOS-2, thus significantly increasing the cyto-compatibility of borate glass. The formation of multilayers of apatite with porous structure indicates that complete degradation is optimistic, and the spread of SaOS-2 covered by apatite to form a sandwich structure may induce bone-like tissue formation at earlier stages. Therefore, such novel strontium-incorporated borosilicate may act as a new generation of biomaterial for bone regeneration, which not only renders boron as a nutritious element for bone health, but also delivers strontium to stimulate formation of new bones.

/pdf/strontium-borate-glass-potential-biomaterial-for-bone-46ncwwr2jw.pdf

Strontium borate glass: potential biomaterial for bone regeneration

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Strontium borate glass: potential biomaterial for bone regeneration