The advent of nanotechnology has helped in several invention in science & technology. Contamination of surface water, ground and soil by various industrial dyes causes several ecological problems. Zinc oxide nanoparticles as photocatalysts and semiconductor materials show unique physical properties at the nanoscale and can be used to solve these problems to some extent. In this paper, we synthesized ZnO NPs and calcium-coated ZnO nanoparticles using extract of beetroot and then, for industrial point of view, we studied the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B using sun as a natural light source (sunlight). We have synthesized calcium-coated ZnO nanocomposites with 20–50 nm particle size. Synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by using the different physio-chemical techniques such as - FT-IR, XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX and UV-spectrophotometer do their photocatalytic degradation. 

Bio-genic Synthesis of Calcium coated Zinc oxide Nanoparticles from Beetroot extract and their photo-degradation study on Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B.

Zinc oxide is considered an effective photocatalyst for degradation of several organic contaminants found in wastewater. This work reports the biological synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its calcium nanocomposites to study the photocatalytic deterioration of two dyes, viz. Rhodamine B and Methylene blue, under natural sunlight. Nanoparticles were synthesized using zinc acetate and starch extracted from potato at pH 7–8. Potato starch acts as both a capping agent and a reducing agent. They were characterized spectroscopically via XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, EDAX and FT-IR techniques. Bean/spherical shaped ZnO NPs were obtained in the size range of 29–49 nm whereas calcium coating on ZnO decreased the particle size, i.e., 25–35 nm. Their photocatalytic ability to degrade Rhodamine B and Methylene blue was studied under natural sunlight and monitored using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Synthesized ZnO nanoparticles and its calcium coated ZnO nanocomposites showed promising results in degradation of these dyes. Methylene blue was completely degraded in an hour at 8 mg of the sample. Although degradation of Rhodamine dye was slow, synthesized samples were effective catalysts as compared to the ones reported in the literature.

/pdf/photodegradation-of-methylene-blue-and-rhodamine-b-using-16piche9.pdf

Photodegradation of Methylene blue and Rhodamine B using potato starch mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles and its calcium nanocomposites: Greener approach

Green synthesis represents a sustainable, reliable, and eco-friendly approach for producing various materials and nanomaterials, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. This environmentally conscious method has garnered significant attention from materials scientists. In recent years, interest in plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis has grown markedly, owing to advantages such as enhanced product stability, low synthesis costs, and the use of non-toxic, renewable resources. This review specifically focuses on the green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts, highlighting five key oxides: TiO2, ZnO, WO3, CuO, and Fe2O3, which are prepared through various plant-based methods. The release of toxic effluents like synthetic dyes into the environment poses serious threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Therefore, the application of biosynthesized nanoparticles in removing such pollutants from industrial wastewater is critically examined. This paper discusses the synthesis routes, characterization techniques, green synthesis methodologies, and evaluates the photocatalytic performance and dye degradation mechanisms of these plant-derived nanoparticles. 

Green Photocatalysis: A Comprehensive Review of Plant-Based Materials for Sustainable Water Purification

Uncoated ZnO and calcium-coated ZnO nanoparticles (Ca-ZnO) were biologically synthesized using cucumber juice as a reducing and capping agent. Cucumber belongs to Cucurbitaceae family, is rich in water content and possesses antioxidant activity. The chemical composition and morphology of the synthesized NPs were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometer (EDS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD)and FT-IR. The spherical as well as hexagonal-shaped ZnO nanoparticles were obtained in the size range of 4-70 nm. Coated and uncoated ZnO nanoparticles were evaluated for their photo degradability of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB) dyes. They showed nearly 100% photodegradation of methylene blue in lesser time, however, showed minimum degradation of rhodamine B dye. Calcium coating over ZnO NPs enhanced their photocatalytic properties.

/pdf/photocatalytic-properties-of-biologically-synthesized-lb2zj2mc.pdf

PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICALLY SYNTHESIZED UNCOATED AND CALCIUM COATED ZnO NANOPARTICLES USING CUCUMBER JUICE

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PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICALLY SYNTHESIZED UNCOATED AND CALCIUM COATED ZnO NANOPARTICLES USING CUCUMBER JUICE