Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging domain that promises ubiquitous connection to the Internet, turning common objects into connected devices. The IoT paradigm is changing the way people interact with things around them. It paves the way for creating pervasively connected infrastructures to support innovative services and promises better flexibility and efficiency. Such advantages are attractive not only for consumer applications, but also for the industrial domain. Over the last few years, we have been witnessing the IoT paradigm making its way into the industry marketplace with purposely designed solutions. In this paper, we clarify the concepts of IoT, Industrial IoT, and Industry 4.0. We highlight the opportunities brought in by this paradigm shift as well as the challenges for its realization. In particular, we focus on the challenges associated with the need of energy efficiency, real-time performance, coexistence, interoperability, and security and privacy. We also provide a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art research efforts and potential research directions to solve Industrial IoT challenges.

Industrial Internet of Things: Challenges, Opportunities, and Directions

With the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyberphysical system (CPS) concepts in industrial application scenarios, industrial automation is undergoing a tremendous change. This is made possible in part by recent advances in technology that allow interconnection on a wider and more fine-grained scale. The purpose of this article is to review technological trends and the impact they may have on industrial communication. We will review the impact of IoT and CPSs on industrial automation from an industry 4.0 perspective, give a survey of the current state of work on Ethernet time-sensitive networking (TSN), and shed light on the role of fifth-generation (5G) telecom networks in automation. Moreover, we will point out the need for harmonization beyond networking.

The Future of Industrial Communication: Automation Networks in the Era of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0

One of the most significant advances in the development of computer science, information and communication technologies is represented by the cyber-physical systems (CPS). They are systems of collaborating computational entities which are in intensive connection with the surrounding physical world and its on-going processes, providing and using, at the same time, data-accessing and data-processing services available on the Internet. Cyber-physical production systems (CPPS), relying on the latest, and the foreseeable further developments of computer science, information and communication technologies on one hand, and of manufacturing science and technology, on the other, may lead to the 4th industrial revolution, frequently noted as Industrie 4.0. The paper underlines that there are significant roots in general – and in particular to the CIRP community – which point towards CPPS. Expectations towards research in and implementation of CPS and CPPS are outlined and some case studies are introduced. Related new R&D challenges are highlighted.

Cyber-physical systems in manufacturing

This paper provides an overview of the recent developments in data-based techniques focused on modern industrial applications. As one of the hottest research topics for complicated processes, the data-based techniques have been rapidly developed over the past two decades and widely used in numerous industrial sectors nowadays. The core of data-based techniques is to take full advantage of the huge amounts of available process data, aiming to acquire the useful information within. Compared with the well-developed model-based approaches, data-based techniques provide efficient alternative solutions for different industrial issues under various operating conditions. The main objective of this paper is to review and summarize the recent achievements in data-based techniques, especially for complicated industrial applications, thus providing a referee for further study on the related topics both from academic and practical points of view. This paper begins with a brief evolutionary overview of data-based techniques in the last two decades. Then, the methodologies only based on process measurements and the model-data integrated techniques will be further introduced. The recent developments for modern industrial applications are, respectively, presented mainly from perspectives of monitoring and control. The new trends of data-based technique as well as potential application fields are finally discussed.

Data-Based Techniques Focused on Modern Industry: An Overview

A review of Internet of Things (IoT) embedded sustainable supply chain for industry 4.0 requirements

The rapid process of digitalisation has an advanced impact on the industrial automation and manufacturing domain. In order to support all the upcoming technologies and paradigm changes in a future-proof way the Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI4.0) is presently developed in Germany. The requirements, such as Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning for communication systems, network management, and Safety & Security, towards the Factories of the Future (FoF) are constantly increasing. The currently approached solution contains the concept of the Asset Administration Shell (AAS) as a general information storage and exchange point for all possible industrial assets. In consequence, the AAS needs a universal modelling concept of all mandatory information to set up the basis for automatic configuration abilities, which are desired in the Industrie 4.0 (I4.0) visions. Nevertheless, especially in the area of cyber security, which was neglected in the past and has gained a lot of attention nowadays, these modelling concepts are still missing. Therefore, this paper will provide an overview about the ongoing progress in this area, describe the related work, and outline the impending research containing a first concept for the desired Unified Security Modelling Metric (USMM).

Modelling and automatic mapping of cyber security requirements for industrial applications: Survey, problem exposition, and research focus

Systemkomplexität in der Automation beherrschen

The increasing power demands and growing awareness for sustainable and green energy has led to distributed generation of power from different sources. This transition from centralized to a distributed power generation has increased the necessity to upgrade the traditional grid. The future grid, i.e. Smart Grid, should offer two way flow of power and information. Smart grid needs to intelligently manage the power generation, transmission, and distribution to generate optimal power resources and adapt consumers to those power resources. In addition, it should support smart metering and monitoring to reduce energy consumption and cost. This intelligent management demand near real time communication between the power generators, consumer utilities and the control center. Thus machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is the necessity of future smart grid applications.

Performance Evaluation of Cellular Communication Systems for M2M Communication in Smart Grid Applications

Kurzfassung Im Rahmen des BMBF-Spitzenclusters vollziehen der Maschinenbau, die Elektro- und die Automobilzulieferindustrie der Region Ostwestfalen-Lippe den Wandel von der Mechatronik zu vernetzten Systemen mit einer inharenten Intelligenz. In insgesamt 46 Projekten entsteht eine Technologieplattform mit Fokus auf die Bereiche Selbstoptimierung, Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion, Intelligente Vernetzung, Energieeffizienz und Systems Engineering. Der Beitrag beschreibt konkrete Anwendungen auf der Basis dieser Technologieplattform, die dem Leitbild Industrie 4.0 folgen.

Der Spitzencluster it's OWL auf dem Weg zu Industrie 4.0

The advent of Unified Modeling Language version 2.0 (UML 2.0) along with its UML testing profile in the recent years, promises to be a major break through in the field of formal description techniques. Thus in this paper we evaluate the suitability of UML 2.0 combined with its Testing profile for the engineering of industrial communication protocols using a case study. For our experimental case study we made use of the simple and most commonly known INRES protocol.

Industrial communication protocol engineering using UML 2.0: A case study

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