Fruit ferment is rich in polyphenols, organic acids, enzymes, and other bioactive components, which contribute to their antioxidant ability. In this study, we investigated the effect of the simulated gastric and intestinal digestion in vitro on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), phenolic components content, organic acid content, protease activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (DPPH-RSA), hydroxyl (·OH) radical scavenging activity (·OH-RSA), and total reducing capacity in ‘Xuehua’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd) ferment. The result showed that the TPC, TFC, protease activity, and phenolic components such as arbutin, protocatechuic acid, malic acid, and acetic acid showed a rising trend during the simulated gastric digestion in ‘Xuehua’ pear ferment, and these components might contribute to the increasing of ·OH-RSA and total reducing capacity. The SOD activity and epicatechin content showed an increasing trend at first and then a decreasing trend, which was likely associated with DPPH-RSA. During in vitro-simulated intestinal digestion, the majority of evaluated items reduced, except for protease activity, quercetin, and tartaric acid. The reason for the decreasing of bio-accessibility resulted from the inhibition of the digestive environment, and the transformation between substances, such as the conversion of hyperoside to quercetin. The correlation analysis indicated that the antioxidant capacity of ‘Xuehua’ pear ferment was mainly affected by its bioactive compounds and enzymes activity as well as the food matrices and digestive environment. The comparison between the digestive group with and without enzymes suggested that the simulated gastrointestinal digestion could boost the release and delay the degradation of phenolic components, flavonoids, and organic acid, protect protease and SOD activity, and stabilize DPPH-RSA, ·OH-RSA, and total reducing capacity in ‘Xuehua’ pear ferment; thus, the ‘Xuehua’ pear ferment could be considered as an easily digestible food.

/pdf/changes-of-bioactive-components-and-antioxidant-capacity-of-2ocl0riv.pdf

Changes of Bioactive Components and Antioxidant Capacity of Pear Ferment in Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion In Vitro

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are recognized to amend the biosynthesis of metabolites in plants through symbiosis. This relationship provides an opportunity to use host-fungus combinations that maximize secondary metabolite synthesis. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of two different AMFs (Rhizophagus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae) individually and in combination on the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential and nutrient uptake in Gomphrena globosa. The findings showed an increased concentration of total phenols (29.10 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (25.84 mg QE/g DW), saponins (105.77 mg DE/g DW) and tannins (137.38 mg TAE/g DW) in the methanol leaf extract of G. globosa inoculated with the combined AMF treatment. Moreover, the existence of phenol (benzoic acid) and flavonoid (kaempferol) was also observed using HPTLC analysis. GC-MS study of methanol extract revealed that hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester were the major active compounds with the highest area percentage (26.60 % and 23.74 % respectively) found in the combined AMF treatment. Changes in the functional groups due to AMF associations were observed using FTIR analysis, with the maximum level of metabolites reported in the combined treatment, as evidenced by their higher peak intensity. Furthermore, the plants inoculated with both R. intraradices and F. mosseae showed higher concentrations of P (1477.53 mg/kg), K (28872.88 mg/kg), Mg (10137.96 mg/kg), Ca (28723.07 mg/kg), Fe (125.29 mg/kg) and Mo (0.36 mg/kg), as well as antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 523.09 µg/mL and FRAP 7845.81 µM Fe (II) equivalent) in comparison to control. Overall, it was concluded that co-inoculation of R. intraradices and F. mosseae enhanced the production of secondary metabolites in G. globosa leaves which may be due to the improved mineral nutrition. 

Impact assessment of beneficial mycorrhizal fungi on phytochemical constituents and nutrient uptake in Gomphrena globosa

Phenolics from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua prepared using natural deep eutectic solvents combined with extraction techniques: composition, bioactivity, and mechanistic elucidation

Steeping of Kenop flower (Gomphrena globosa L.) is widely used as a health herbal drink that contains betacyanin and flavonoid compounds that act as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the equivalence of vitamin C levels in steeping of Kenop Flower (Gomphrena globosa L) using the DPPH method. The DPPH method is a simple, fast, inexpensive and can be used to measure the ability of an antioxidant. Data analysis of the absorbance of the steeping of the Kenop flower was calculated using TAC (Total Antioxidant Capacity Index). Phytochemical screening of infusion of the positive Kenop flower contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. Kenop flower is made with various concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 gr is steeping in 100 ml aquades. The antioxidant activity of steeping of Kenop flower 50, 100, and 150 mg/ml was equivalence with vitamin C respectively at 9,71 ppm (0,009 mg/ml) 13,96 ppm (0,013 mg/ml), and 15,18 ppm (0,015 mg/ml).

/pdf/uji-kesetaraan-aktivitas-antioksidan-seduhan-bunga-kenop-2w1a292l.pdf

Uji Kesetaraan Aktivitas Antioksidan Seduhan Bunga Kenop (Gomphrena globosa L.) dengan Vitamin C Menggunakan Metode DPPH

Free radicals are harmful macromolecules that interact with lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates inside cells. The high level of ROS present in the cell leads to major health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer and oxidative stress. In the current study, Cyperus rotundus (C.rotundus), Tinospora cordifolia (T.cordifolia) and their formulations were evaluated for their phytochemical content, functional group identification by FT-IR and In vitro free radical scavenging activity. The phytochemical analysis showed that the ethanolic extracts had more secondary metabolites like flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds than the extracts from the other solvents. Compared to the standard ascorbic acid, the ethanolic extract exhibited good free radical scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide and an elevated level of activity was observed with the increased concentration of the extract. The ethanolic extracts of C.rotundus, T.cordifolia and their formulation were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy, which revealed the presence of unique functional groups such as primary as well as secondary amines, alkenes, nitro compounds and alkylhalides. In an In vitro model, the current finding demonstrates the anti-oxidant effectiveness of C.rotundus and T.cordifolia. Hence, further studies are warranted and it might eventually be utilized as a possible medicament for treating diseases.

Phytochemical Analysis and In vitro Anti-oxidant Activities of Medicinal Plants Cyperus rotundus, Tinospora cordifolia and their Formulation

ABSTRACT In the present study, phenolic compounds from Gomphrena globosa L. (GGLPCs) including total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, flavanols, and phenolic acids were measured by spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant activities of GGLPCs were assessed by radical scavengings of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline -6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt (ABTS) cation, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), phosphomolybdenum antioxidative power (PAP), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. Antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitory activities of GGLPCs in vitro were investigated using micro-plate dilution method and colorimetry, respectively. The results showed that GGLPCs containing abundant phenolic compounds, had obvious antioxidant and antimicrobial activities (especially against Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes), and significant inhibitory effects on lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and trypsin in vitro. Thus, the results showed that GGLPC may be used as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent, as well as drugs for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and inflammation-related diseases.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19476337.2022.2125584?needAccess=true

Phenolic compounds from Gomphrena globosa L.: phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibitory activities in vitro

Antioxidant, Anti-lipidemic, Hypoglycemic and Antiproliferative Effects of phenolics from Cortex Mori Radicis

Phenolic compounds from the flower of Clitoria ternatea L. (PCFCTL) were extracted using a high-speed shearing extraction technique and purified by AB-8 macroporous resins, and the phytochemical composition of the purified phenolic compounds from the flower of Clitoria ternatea L. (PPCFCTL) was then analyzed. Subsequently, its bioactivities including antioxidant properties, enzyme inhibitory activities, and antiproliferative activities against several tumor cell lines were evaluated. Results indicated that the contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, flavanols, and phenolic acids in PPCFCTL were increased by 3.29, 4.11, 2.74, 2.43, and 2.96-fold, respectively, compared with those before being purified by AB-8 macroporous resins. The results showed PPCFCTL have significant antioxidant ability (measured by reducing power, RP, and ferric reducing antioxidant power method, FRAP) and good DPPH, ABTS+, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities. They can also significantly inhibit lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. In addition, morphological changes of HeLa, HepG2, and NCI-H460 tumor cells demonstrated the superior antitumor performance of PPCFCTL. However, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was relatively weak. These findings suggest that PPCFCTL have important potential as natural antioxidant, antilipidemic, anti-glycemic and antineoplastic agents in health-promoting foods.

/pdf/phytochemical-properties-and-in-vitro-biological-activities-3qnr0d66.pdf

Phytochemical Properties and In Vitro Biological Activities of Phenolic Compounds from Flower of Clitoria ternatea L.

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Phenolic compounds from Gomphrena globosa L.: phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibitory activities in vitro

Antioxidant, Anti-lipidemic, Hypoglycemic and Antiproliferative Effects of phenolics from Cortex Mori Radicis

Phytochemical Properties and In Vitro Biological Activities of Phenolic Compounds from Flower of Clitoria ternatea L.