Opportunistic networks (OppNets) are composed of wireless nodes opportunistically communicating with each other. These networks are designed to operate in a challenging environment characterized by high delay, intermittent connectivity, and no guarantee of fixed path between the sender and the destination nodes. One of the most vital issues in designing and maintaining practical networks over a time period is the security of the messages flowing in OppNets. This paper proposes a new method called message trust‐based secure multipath routing protocol (MT‐SMRP) for opportunistic networks. Various routing protocols such as ProPHet, Epidemic, and HiBOp, to name a few, have been proposed for OppNets, but none of these have applied a secure multipath routing technique. The proposed MT‐SMRP scheme relays the message to the destination through the disjoint paths, each applying a soft‐encryption technique to prevent message fabrication attacks. Simulations are conducted using the Haggle Infocom'06 real mobility data traces, showing that when time‐to‐live is varied, (1) the proposed MT‐SMRP scheme outperforms D‐MUST by 18.10%, 7.55%, 3.275%, respectively, in terms of delivery probability, messages dropped, and average latency; (2) it also outperforms SHBPR by 21.30%, 7.44%, and 4.85%, respectively, in terms of delivery probability, messages dropped, and average latency. Under similar performance metrics, the performance of MT‐SMRP is also shown to be better than that of D‐MUST and SHBPR when the buffer size (respondents. the message generation interval) is varied.

Message trust‐based secure multipath routing protocol for opportunistic networks

Securing the mobile agents from malicious code execution is the next phase of mobile network computing. Malicious code execution is one of the serious attacks in mobile agent network. To restrict the attack to an extent, a strong authentication protocol should be developed to secure from agent attacks. In this paper, an efficient encryption protocol is developed to restrict the execution of malicious code in mobile agents. The integrated bloom filter (IBF) is proposed in this work to filter the agent code and break the code into byte array blocks and generates the initial keys. For an efficient encryption and decryption, a robust and flexible key is needed, the elliptic curve is defined in this paper to generate the private and public key for the encryption process. The Ciphertext Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CPABE) is a public key encryption method deduced to encrypt the information in the form of ciphertext associated with attributes. The implementation of proposed work is executed in the JADE platform and results are evaluated and compared with existing protocols such as Fragmentation and AES. Thus the proposed IBF-CPABE protocol is an efficient method for offering optimal security in mobile agents from various attacks and malicious code execution.

Security against Attacks and Malicious Code Execution in Mobile Agent Using IBF-CPABE Protocol

Opportunistic Networks (OppNets) are composed of wireless nodes opportunistically communicating with each other. These networks are designed to operate in a challenging environment characterized by high delay, intermittent connectivity, and no-guarantee of fixed path between the sender and destination nodes. One of the most vital issues in designing such a network is the security of the messages flowing in it. This paper proposes a new method called Disjoint Multipath based Secure Routing in Opportunistic Networks, called as D-MUST, which relays the message to the destination through four disjoint paths; each applying a soft-encryption technique to prevent message fabrication attacks. Simulations are conducted using the HAGGLE INFOCOM 2006 real mobility data traces, showing that when time-to-live is varied, (1) the proposed D-MUST scheme outperforms RSASec by 15.05%, 8.4%, 5.81% 2.16% respectively in terms of delivery probability, hop count, messages dropped and average latency; (2) it also outperforms SHBPR by 16.17%, 9.2%, 6.85%, 3.95% respectively in terms of delivery probability, hop count, messages dropped and average latency.

/pdf/disjoint-multipath-based-secure-routing-in-opportunistic-50ca16io7d.pdf

Disjoint Multipath Based Secure Routing in Opportunistic Networks

The goal of the cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS) is to provide a vehicular communication system that can enable quick, cost-effective means to distribute data in order to ensure safety, traffic efficiency, driver comfort, and so forth. The vehicular communication for C-ITS is composed of vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. In V2I, signals from roadside units (RSUs) often have to propagate through large buildings in urban areas, which can cause signal loss due to shadowing effects. V2V can provide video streaming capabilities to enable enhanced C-ITS services, but communication among vehicles may suffer from network congestion. Therefore, we propose a hybrid transmission mechanism in this paper based on full-duplex relay vehicles for MIMO-capable C-ITS. We adopt the use of full-duplex relay vehicles to enhance the reliability of seamless video stream transmission in V2I. For congestion resolution in V2V communications, the MIMO transmission mode is adapted according to the traffic situation and an extra detour path is used to satisfy various QoS requirements of multipriority video data. Simulations are also carried out to show that our mechanism improves the network throughput of MIMO-capable C-ITS with video streaming capability.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2015/586040

A full-duplex relay based hybrid transmission mechanism for the MIMO-Capable cooperative intelligent transport system

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) consists of wireless devices which are used for the initiating and establish communication link between the sender and receiver nodes. Due to the unpredictable mobility of wireless nodes in MANET, node links can be break at any time. Paper has done the survey on different existing routing protocols which initiates the route between the sender and receiver. Different routing protocols have different ways of route initialization process with single or multiple paths at the beginning which can be used for the link recovery when path gets broken. We have studied the path recovery mechanism when link gets failed between any two nodes. Paper also contributes the study and the comparison between the various protocols involved.

Performance Comparison on Path Establishment and Recovery algorithms in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks

On-demand multipath routing in a wireless ad hoc network is effective in achieving load balancing over the network and in improving the degree of resilience to mobility. In this paper, the salvage capable opportunistic node-disjoint multipath routing (SNMR) protocol is proposed, which forms multiple routes for data transmission and supports packet salvaging with minimum overhead. The proposed mechanism constructs a primary path and a node-disjoint backup path together with alternative paths for the intermediate nodes in the primary path. It can be achieved by considering the reverse route back to the source stored in the route cache and the primary path information compressed by a Bloom filter. Our protocol presents higher capability in packet salvaging and lower overhead in forming multiple routes. Simulation results show that SNMR outperforms the compared protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio, normalized routing load, and throughput.

/pdf/a-multipath-routing-protocol-based-on-bloom-filter-for-vkmhiwbcr5.pdf

A Multipath Routing Protocol Based on Bloom Filter for Multihop Wireless Networks

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A Multipath Routing Protocol Based on Bloom Filter for Multihop Wireless Networks

Optimizing job scheduling by using broad learning to predict execution times on HPC clusters