Superoxide ion (O2•–) is of great significance as a radical species implicated in diverse chemical and biological systems. However, the chemistry knowledge of O2•– is rather scarce. In addition, numerous studies on O2•– were conducted within the latter half of the 20th century. Therefore, the current advancement in technology and instrumentation will certainly provide better insights into mechanisms and products of O2•– reactions and thus will result in new findings. This review emphasizes the state-of-the-art research on O2•– so as to enable researchers to venture into future research. It comprises the main characteristics of O2•– followed by generation methods. The reaction types of O2•– are reviewed, and its potential applications including the destruction of hazardous chemicals, synthesis of organic compounds, and many other applications are highlighted. The O2•– environmental chemistry is also discussed. The detection methods of O2•– are categorized and elaborated. Special attention is given to the f...

Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications

Thiazole Schiff bases 2-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yliminomethyl)phenol (L 1 ) and 1-(4-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yliminomethyl)naphthalen-2-ol (L 2 ) have synthesized and characterized. The interaction of Schiff bases with different metal ions has been studied over UV–vis absorption spectra and photofluorescent spectra. The results are indicated that Schiff base L 1 and L 2 exhibited turn-on fluorescent behavior with Al 3+ ions in methanol, which could be directly detected by the naked-eye under the UV-lamp. The limits of detection were calculated for L 1 and L 2 since 1.0 × 10 −6 and 7.5 × 10 −7 by the titration method. Both sensors exhibited excellent fluorescent behavior in 5.0–13.5 pH range. The fluorescent behavior of legends-aluminum complex solution goes to turn-off in the presence of Ni 2+ and EDTA.

Thiazole Schiff base turn-on fluorescent chemosensor for Al3+ ion

The encapsulation or generation of new surfaces that can fix biomolecules firmly without altering their original conformations and activities is still challenging for the utilization of biochemical functions of active biomolecules. Presently, sol–gel chemistry offers new and interesting possibilities for the promising encapsulation of heat-sensitive and fragile biomolecules (enzyme, protein, antibody and whole cells of plant, animal and microbes); mainly, it is an inherent low temperature process and biocompatible. The typical sol–gel process initiates by the hydrolysis of M(OR) 4 and is performed in the presence of the active biomolecule. Hydrolysis and condensation of the M-monomers in the presence of an acid or base catalyst trigger cross-linking with formation of amorphous MO 2 , a porous inorganic matrix that grows around the biomolecule in a three-dimensional manner. This class of sol–gel matrices possesses chemical inertness, physical rigidity, negligible swelling in aqueous solution, tunable poros...

Immobilization of Biomolecules in Sol–Gels: Biological and Analytical Applications

A series of bishydrazide compounds have been developed for selective turn-on detection of Al3+ cation, based on metal chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effects that inhibit the nonradiative PET and ESIPT processes. In aqueous solution, Al3+ selectively induces strong fluorescence of these compounds with large Stokes shifts up to ∼133 nm and emission colors varying from blue to orange. In the solid phase, both Al3+ and Zn2+ give apparent fluorescence which is simultaneously detected based on chromatographic separation.

Novel Turn-On Fluorescent Sensors with Mega Stokes Shifts for Dual Detection of Al3+ and Zn2+

Amperometric ethanol biosensor based on poly(vinyl alcohol)-multiwalled carbon nanotube-alcohol dehydrogenase biocomposite.

Third-generation superoxide anion sensor based on superoxide dismutase directly immobilized by sol-gel thin film on gold electrode.

The electrochemical behavior of alizarin red S (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone sulfonate, ARS) immobilized on electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon (GC) electrode by silica sol–gel process was investigated. The central quinone functionalities of the ARS molecule underwent quasi-reversible redox reaction. Oxidation of the dihydroxyl functionalities gave unstable products which underwent further follow-up chemical transformation to give new electroactive species. The results were applied to develop a reagentless sensor for the indirect determination of aluminum (Al) ions. Various experimental parameters, which influenced the properties of the modified electrode, were optimized. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear response range for Al3+ ions employing differential pulse voltammetry was 1.4×10−7 to 1.4×10 −6 mol l −1 and the relative standard deviation for 1×10 −6 mol l −1 Al3+ was 2.7% (n=7). The detection limit was 8×10 −8 mol l −1 . The modified electrode, as a reagentless sensor, is stable and portable. This method has been applied to determine Al in water samples.

Voltammetric determination of aluminum(III) using a reagentless sensor fabricated by sol–gel process

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Junwei Di

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Third-generation superoxide anion sensor based on superoxide dismutase directly immobilized by sol-gel thin film on gold electrode.

Voltammetric determination of aluminum(III) using a reagentless sensor fabricated by sol–gel process