Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (GSRC) is a special subtype of gastric cancer (GC) associated with poor prognosis, but an in-depth and systematic study of GSRC is lacking. Here, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing to assess GC samples. We identify signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) cells. Microseminoprotein-beta (MSMB) can be used as a marker gene to guide the identification of moderately/poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). The upregulated differentially expressed genes in SRCC cells are mainly enriched in abnormally activated cancer-related signalling pathways and immune response signalling pathways. SRCC cells are also significantly enriched in mitogen-activated protein kinase and oestrogen signalling pathways, which can interact and promote each other in a positive feedback loop. SRCC cells are shown to have lower cell adhesion and higher immune evasion capabilities as well as an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which may be closely associated with the relatively poor prognosis of GSRC. In summary, GSRC exhibits unique cytological characteristics and a unique immune microenvironment, which may be advantageous for accurate diagnosis and treatment. 

/pdf/single-cell-analysis-of-gastric-signet-ring-cell-carcinoma-2mimvtqj.pdf

Single-cell analysis of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma reveals cytological and immune microenvironment features

Simple Summary Signet ring cell adenocarcinomas are an extremely rare type of cancer that arise primarily in the stomach and colon. These cancers tend to present at an earlier age with more advanced disease. It is, however, not known if disease progression depends on the location within the stomach or the colon from where it arises. Across both sexes and all ages, these cancers occur more often in the distal rather than the proximal stomach, compared to regular gastric cancers. For early disease stages, younger patients have similar outcomes to regular gastric cancers, but there are worse outcomes in older patients. In colorectal cancer patients with signet ring cells, outcomes are worse universally across all ages and stages, and most of these cancers arise in the right colon. Mortality, however, is worse in cancers arising from the left colon and rectum. This work offers insights into factors that better characterize their pathology. Abstract Signet ring cell adenocarcinomas (SRCCs) are a rare histological adenocarcinoma subtype, classically thought to have a worse prognosis than conventional adenocarcinomas. The majority of these cancers occur in the stomach, colon, and rectum. Their rarity means that most epidemiological studies into their pathology are often underpowered, and interpretations from these reports are mixed. In this study, we use the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database to examine the effects of tumor localization, age, and stage on gastric and colorectal cancer outcomes. For early onset localized and regional gastric cancers, SRCCs have the same overall risk of mortality compared to conventional adenocarcinomas. Over the age of 50 years, SRCCs have worse outcomes across all stages. Gastric SRCCs are 2–3-fold more likely in younger patients, and more heavily favor the distal stomach. Like conventional adenocarcinomas, proximal gastric SRCCs have decreased survival. Across all ages, stages, and locations, colorectal SRCCs have worse outcomes. SRCCs favor the right colon, but outcomes are significantly worse for the left colon and rectal cancers. Relative to adenocarcinomas, colorectal SRCCs have the worst outcomes in younger patients. Overall, these results provide insights into SRCC disease patterns that cannot be surmised outside of population-level data.

/pdf/effects-of-tumor-localization-age-and-stage-on-the-outcomes-fjd38tmw.pdf

Effects of Tumor Localization, Age, and Stage on the Outcomes of Gastric and Colorectal Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinomas

Objective To explore the early onset, development and histological features of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). Methods Three hundred and sixty-two patients with differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells were enrolled. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical features and patterns of the specimens were observed in detail. Results Infection of the gastric mucosa, especially by Helicobacter pylori, can cause massive cell proliferation and transformation in the deep gastric foveola, the isthmus of the gastric gland, and the proliferative zone of the upper neck of the gland. Signet-ring-like heterocysts monoclonally proliferated after the redifferentiation and reproliferation, extending horizontally along the gastric foveola. Gastric foveolar-type SRCC grew infiltratively into the lamina propria of the mucosa and the submucosa, signet-ring cells could differentiate into undifferentiated adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell differentiation, mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell differentiation, gastric adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell differentiation, and fundus gland adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell differentiation. Conclusion Early SRCC developed from the proliferative zones of the fundus of the gastric foveola and the neck of the gastric gland, growing horizontally along the gastric foveola. It developed into gastric adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell differentiation after reproliferation and retransformation in the mucosa.

/pdf/early-onset-development-and-histological-features-of-gastric-3pcl18qe.pdf

Early onset, development and histological features of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma

/pdf/evaluation-of-cep55-serpine1-and-smpd3-genes-and-proteins-as-iiblwiht.pdf

Evaluation of CEP55, SERPINE1 and SMPD3 genes and proteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in gastric carcinoma in Egyptian patients

Combination of metabolome and transcriptome reveals flower color change candidate genes of Prunus humilis

Purpose This study is based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to explore the prognostic differences between signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRC) and intestinal-type gastric carcinoma (ITGC). This study is also based on gene sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify unique genetic contributions to the prognostic differences between the two subtypes of gastric cancer. Patients and Methods The clinical data were based on the SEER database from 2004 to 2015. Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves were used to compare 5-year overall survival (OS), and Cox regression was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Gene expression profiles were obtained from TCGA database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Functional enrichment analysis, protein interaction and survival analysis will be further carried out. Genes of interest were verified by the Human Protein Atlas, immunohistochemistry, and encyclopedia of Cancer Cell Lines (CCLE). The relationship between genes of interest and immune cell infiltration was also analyzed by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Results Compared with ITGC patients, SRC patients were more likely to be female, tended to be younger, and have a greater tumor distribution in the middle and lower stomach (p < 0.01). SRCs showed a significantly better prognosis than ITGCs (p < 0.01) in early gastric cancer (EGC), while the prognosis of SRCs was significantly worse than ITGCs (p < 0.05) in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). A total of 256 DEGs were screened in SRCs compared to ITGCs, and the enrichment analysis and protein interactions revealed that differential genes were mainly related to extracellular matrix organization. Thrombospondin1 (THBS1) and serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 (SERPINE1) are significantly differentially expressed between SRC and ITGC, which has been preliminarily verified by immunohistochemistry and open-source databases. THBS1 and SERPINE1 are also associated with multiple immune cell infiltrates in gastric cancer. Conclusions There were significant differences in the clinicopathological features and prognosis between SRC and ITGC. These results suggest that SRC and ITGC may be two distinct types of tumors with different pathogeneses. We found many codifferentially expressed genes and important pathways between SRC and ITGC. THBS1 and SERPINE1 were significantly differentially expressed in the two types of gastric cancer, and may have potentially important functions.

/pdf/the-prognostic-significance-and-gene-expression-j9zj01ua.pdf

The Prognostic Significance and Gene Expression Characteristics of Gastric Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma: A Study Based on the SEER and TCGA Databases

Background Halo gravity traction (HGT) has been reported to be a safe and effective adjunctive method for the management of scoliosis. However, the direct effects of HGT on the lung recovery of adult patients with scoliosis remain obscure. Objective To investigate changes in lung volume and pulmonary function in adult patients with severe scoliosis who underwent posterior spinal fusion concomitant with preoperative halo gravity traction. Methods A total of 47 patients with a minimum 5-year follow-up who underwent posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion using preoperative halo–gravity traction were analyzed. Pulmonary function tests and three-dimensional CT were performed to evaluate changes in lung function and lung volume, respectively. Results There was significant change in the Cobb angle of the major curve after halo gravity traction (P < 0.0001). Significant improvement in both Cobb angle (P < 0.0001) and thoracic kyphosis (P = 0.034) after corrective surgery was observed. Pulmonary function did not change significantly during traction. However, a significant decline in absolute and percent-predicted pulmonary function values was noted following surgery. The average change in lung volume did not show statistical differences during traction. At 5-year postoperative follow-up, the mean values revealed a significant increase in total lung volume (P < 0.0001) and concave lung volume (P < 0.0001) with surgical correction, but no statistically significant change in lung volume on the convex side (P = 0.57). Postoperative pulmonary complications occurred in nine cases with lower preoperative pulmonary function, indicating the importance of performing spirometry before corrective surgery. Conclusions We found that halo gravity traction prior to corrective surgery was less useful in improving pulmonary function in adult patients with severe scoliosis. However, these patients were expected to have increased lung volume after correction of the deformity.

/pdf/pulmonary-recovery-following-corrective-surgery-in-adult-1cihatpn.pdf

Pulmonary Recovery Following Corrective Surgery in Adult Patients With Severe Scoliosis: A Minimum of Five-Year Follow-Up

Grape hyacinth (Muscari spp.) is a famous bulbous blue flower; however, few bicolor varieties are available in the market. Therefore, the discovery of bicolor varieties and understanding of their mechanisms are crucial to the breeding of new varieties. In this study, we report a significant bicolor mutant with white upper and violet lower portions, with both parts belonging to a single raceme. Ionomics showed that pH and metal element contents were not responsible for the bicolor formation. Targeted metabolomics illustrated that the content of the 24 color-related compounds was significantly lower in the upper part than that in the lower part. Moreover, full-length transcriptomics combined with second-generation transcriptomics revealed 12,237 differentially expressed genes in which anthocyanin synthesis gene expression of the upper part was noted to be significantly lower than that of the lower part. Transcription factor differential expression analysis was used to describe the presence of a pair of MaMYB113a/b sequences, with low levels of expression in the upper part and high expression in the lower part. Furthermore, tobacco transformation confirmed that overexpression of MaMYB113a/b can promote anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves. Accordingly, the differential expression of MaMYB113a/b contributes the formation of a bicolor mutant in Muscari latifolium.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/5044/pdf?version=1678418791

Integrating Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanisms of White–Violet Mutant Flowers in Grape Hyacinth (Muscari latifolium)

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Papers

The Prognostic Significance and Gene Expression Characteristics of Gastric Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma: A Study Based on the SEER and TCGA Databases

Pulmonary Recovery Following Corrective Surgery in Adult Patients With Severe Scoliosis: A Minimum of Five-Year Follow-Up

Integrating Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanisms of White–Violet Mutant Flowers in Grape Hyacinth (Muscari latifolium)