In the last few decades, pharmaceuticals, credited with saving millions of lives, have emerged as a new class of environmental contaminant. These compounds can have both chronic and acute harmful effects on natural flora and fauna. The presence of pharmaceutical contaminants in ground waters, surface waters (lakes, rivers, and streams), sea water, wastewater treatment plants (influents and effluents), soils, and sludges has been well doccumented. A range of methods including oxidation, photolysis, UV-degradation, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and adsorption has been used for their remediation from aqueous systems. Many methods have been commercially limited by toxic sludge generation, incomplete removal, high capital and operating costs, and the need for skilled operating and maintenance personnel. Adsorption technologies are a low-cost alternative, easily used in developing countries where there is a dearth of advanced technologies, skilled personnel, and available capital, and adsorption appears to be the most broadly feasible pharmaceutical removal method. Adsorption remediation methods are easily integrated with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Herein, we have reviewed the literature (1990-2018) illustrating the rising environmental pharmaceutical contamination concerns as well as remediation efforts emphasizing adsorption.

Pharmaceuticals of Emerging Concern in Aquatic Systems: Chemistry, Occurrence, Effects, and Removal Methods.

Role of nanomaterials in water treatment applications: a review.

Treatment Technologies for Emerging Contaminants in water: A review

Occurrence, fate, and risk assessment of typical tetracycline antibiotics in the aquatic environment: A review.

Removal of tetracycline by NaOH-activated carbon produced from macadamia nut shells: Kinetic and equilibrium studies

Studies on the removal of tetracycline by multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Multiple spectroscopic studies on the interaction between olaquindox, a feed additive, and bovine serum albumin.

High efficiency removal and recovery of an endocrine disrupting compound–bisphenol AF from wastewaters

Bisphenol AF (BPAF) was used as a model compound to investigate the binding mechanism between the endocrine disrupting compound and human serum albumin (HSA) using multispectroscopic techniques and molecular modeling method at the protein level. The results indicated that BPAF was indeed bound to HSA and located in the hydrophobic pocket of HSA on subdomain IIA through hydrogen bond and van der Waals interactions. The fluorescence quenching data showed that the binding of BPAF and HSA quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA, and the static quenching constants were acquired.

Direct interactions in the recognition between the environmental estrogen bisphenol AF and human serum albumin.

A modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method based on the dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the determination of thiabendazole (TBZ) in environmental and food samples Hydroxyl functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-OH) was used as dSPE material for the preconcentration of analyte Several experimental parameters, including the amount of sorbent, extraction time, the pH and ionic strength of sample solution, and desorption conditions, were evaluated Under optimal experimental conditions, good linearity was observed in the range of 10–1000 ng mL−1 with the correlation coefficient of 09962 The limit of detection and quantification were 26 and 87 ng mL−1, respectively The present method was applied to the analysis of different environmental and food samples, and the recoveries of TBZ obtained were in the range of 929–1039 % with the relative standard deviations lower than 65 % The results showed that the proposed method was a rapid, convenient, and feasible method for the determination of TBZ in environmental and food samples

Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube as Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Materials Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Thiabendazole Analysis in Environmental and Food Samples

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