Photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in petroleum refinery wastewater by TiO2- and ZnO-based photocatalysts: Recent development

Industrialization such as metallurgy, papermaking, chemicals, electroplating and tanning is contributing to the pollution of ecosystems by chromium (Cr). Cr pollution has many sources and high toxicity. Indeed, Cr(VI) is a strong oxidizing agent and, as a consequence, Cr(VI) bioaccumulation may induce acute, subacute or chronic poisoning, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Cr(VI) is usually very mobile and highly soluble in aqueous solutions, but Cr(III) is not. Cr(III) is relatively stable and less toxic than Cr(VI). Thus, some remediation techniques aim to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Herein, we review bioremediation, photocatalytic remediation, electrochemical remediation and coupled remediation systems. We found that Cr(VI) remediation using coupled systems is relatively easier and more efficient, compared with other treatment systems. This review provides a basis for the development of high-efficiency Cr(VI) removal systems suitable for industrial applications.

Cleaning chromium pollution in aquatic environments by bioremediation, photocatalytic remediation, electrochemical remediation and coupled remediation systems

Among the various semiconductor photocatalysts reported so far, TiO2 is still the most promising material for real applications because of its excellent chemical and thermal stability, non-toxicity...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09506608.2021.1891368

Recent progress in photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated phenols and reduction of heavy metal ions in water by TiO2-based catalysts

In the present work, pristine anatase titanium oxide (TiO2), vanadium oxide (V2O5), and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanopowders (NPs), and tri-phase TiO2–Y2O3–V2O5 nanocomposite (NC) were prepared via a simple co-precipitation method. The grown products were characterized by employing a range of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The XRD diffraction pattern confirmed the formation of NC having TiO2 tetragonal, Y2O3 cubic, and V2O5 orthorhombic phases. FTIR spectra evident the presence of metal–oxygen bond in NPs and NC. The energy bandgap (2.55 eV) of NC is found in the range of visible region specified its use as an efficient photocatalyst under sunlight illumination. EDX analysis confirmed the existence of Ti, Y, and V in the nanocomposite. The antibacterial studies against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Proteus vulgaris bacteria by varying concentrations (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg ml−1) showed that the NC has higher antibacterial activity than individual oxides. The photocatalytic activity exhibited that NC has the highest degradation efficiency 99.29%, 90.69%, and 99.83% against methylene blue (MB), safranin-O (SO), and methyl orange (MO) dyes as compared to pristine TiO2, V2O5, and Y2O3 NPs under 80 min direct sunlight irradiation. Furthermore, the grown NC is a good candidate for treating organic pollutants and bacteria inactivation.

Highly efficient tri-phase TiO2–Y2O3–V2O5 nanocomposite: structural, optical, photocatalyst, and antibacterial studies

In this study, one-step hydrothermal route was adopted to synthesize Co doped ZnWO4 nanorods for efficient removal of inorganic and organic pollutants. The samples were carefully characterized by standard analytical techniques to investigate the optical, morphological and structural properties of the prepared samples. TEM analysis shows the rod-like morphology with average diameter of 60–100 nm. The activity of prepared samples was evaluated by studying the photodegradation of RhB, MB, MO, photo-reduction of Cr(VI) and simultaneous photo-oxidation and reduction of binary mixture of RhB and Cr(VI) under UV-light source. Among the series of prepared samples, 1 mol% Co doped ZnWO4 (1 Co-ZW) showed improved photocatalytic activity in both single and mixed pollutant solutions. In the single dye solutions, a maximum degradation of 94.4%, 95% and 86.4% was obtained for RhB, MB and MO, respectively under 120 min of irradiation using 1 Co-ZW. Moreover, a maximum efficiency of 97.8% and 99% was achieved by 1 Co-ZW for the oxidation of RhB and reduction of Cr(VI), respectively from the binary (RhB + Cr(VI)) solution under the same irradiation time. The degradation results indicate that simultaneous degradation of pollutants is more prominent than that of the individual ones. The reactive species involved in the removal of RhB and Cr(VI) was determined by different scavengers and a probable mechanism for enhanced photocatalytic activity has been proposed accordingly. The present work offers an innovative approach towards the design and development of reusable catalysts to remove both organic and inorganic pollutants present in wastewater using UV-light source.

Synthesis of Co doped ZnWO4 for simultaneous oxidation of RhB and reduction of Cr(VI) under UV-light irradiation

Y 2 O 3 modified TiO 2 nanosheets enhanced the photocatalytic removal of 4-chlorophenol and Cr (VI) in sun light

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Y 2 O 3 modified TiO 2 nanosheets enhanced the photocatalytic removal of 4-chlorophenol and Cr (VI) in sun light