We report a new method, Interaction-Dependent PRobe Incorporation Mediated by Enzymes, or ID-PRIME, for imaging protein-protein interactions (PPIs) inside living cells. ID-PRIME utilizes a mutant of Escherichia coli lipoic acid ligase, LplA(W37V), which can catalyze the covalent ligation of a coumarin fluorophore onto a peptide recognition sequence called LAP1. The affinity between the ligase and LAP1 is tuned such that, when each is fused to a protein partner of interest, LplA(W37V) labels LAP1 with coumarin only when the protein partners to which they are fused bring them together. Coumarin labeling in the absence of such interaction is low or undetectable. Characterization of ID-PRIME in living mammalian cells shows that multiple protein-protein interactions can be imaged (FRB-FKBP, Fos-Jun, and neuroligin-PSD-95), with as little as 10 min of coumarin treatment. The signal intensity and detection sensitivity are similar to those of the widely used fluorescent protein complementation technique (BiFC) for PPI detection, without the disadvantage of irreversible complex trapping. ID-PRIME provides a powerful and complementary approach to existing methods for visualization of PPIs in living cells with spatial and temporal resolution.

Imaging Protein–Protein Interactions inside Living Cells via Interaction-Dependent Fluorophore Ligation

With the increase in global fossil fuel consumption and growing demand for sustainability, the advancement of novel technologies and green materials in the oil and gas industry are becoming critically essential. Given the merits of abundance, cost-effectiveness, and renewability, together with high specific surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and exceptional mechanical, barrier, thermal and rheological properties, cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) have received enormous interest in oil and gas industry, in an effort to make the oil and gas development more sustainable and environmentally-friendly. In particular, three families of CNMs, i.e., cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and bacterial cellulose (BC), can be produced via a series of top-down and bottom-up strategies. Lignocellulosic nanomaterials, i.e., lignocellulosic nanofibers (LCNFs) and lignocellulosic nanocrystals (LCNCs), exhibit similar morphology with CNMs, but some tiny globular-shaped lignin nanoparticles can be retained in similarly production to CNMs. Due to the variation in production approaches and parameters, CNMs exhibit distinctive morphology, crystallinity, and surface chemistry, leading to different final product performance. Herein, the classification, production, and properties of CNMs are summarized, aiming to provide a better understanding of the production-structure–property relationships and thus make it possible to more efficiently use CNMs in the oil and gas industry. Then, we overview the recent advances of CNMs in three major sectors of oil and gas industry, i.e., i) upstream - exploration and production, ii) midstream - transportation and storage, and iii) downstream - refining and purifying. Finally, the opportunities, challenges, as well as future perspectives of CNMs and their application in oil and gas industry are outlined. 

Cellulose Nanomaterials in Oil and Gas Industry: Current Status and Future Perspectives

To efficiently remove heavy metals from wastewater, designing an adsorbent with high adsorption capacity and ease of recovery is necessary. This paper presents a novel magnetic hybridized aerogel, Fe3O4/cellulose nanofiber/polyethyleneimine/thiol-modified montmorillonite (Fe3O4/CNF/PEI/SHMMT), and explores its adsorption performance and mechanism for Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ in aqueous solutions. The hybrid aerogel has a slit-like porous structure and numerous exposed active sites, which facilitates the uptake of metal ions by adsorption. Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ adsorption by the hybridized aerogel followed the second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ at 25 °C, pH = 6, 800 mg/L was 429.18, 381.68 and 299.40 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process was primarily attributed to monolayer chemical adsorption, a spontaneous heat-absorption reaction. FTIR, XPS and DFT studies confirmed that the adsorption mechanisms of Fe3O4/CNF/PEI/SHMMT on Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ were mainly chelation, coordination, and ion exchange. The lowest adsorption energy of Pb2+ on the hybrid aerogel was calculated to be −2.37 Ha by DFT, which indicates that the sample has higher adsorption affinity and preferential selectivity for Pb2+. After 5 cycles, the adsorption efficiency of the aerogel was still >85 %. The incorporation of Fe3O4 improved the mechanical properties of the aerogel. The Fe3O4/CNF/PEI/SHMMT has fast magnetic responsiveness, and it is easy to be separated and recovered after adsorption, which is a promising potential for the treatment of heavy metal ions. 

A novel magnetic Fe3O4/cellulose nanofiber/polyethyleneimine/thiol-modified montmorillonite aerogel for efficient removal of heavy metal ions: Adsorption behavior and mechanism study.

The growing shortage of non-renewable resources and the burden of toxic pollutants in water have gradually become stumbling blocks in the path of sustainable human development. To this end, there has been great interest in finding renewable and environmentally friendly materials to promote environmental sustainability and combat harmful pollutants in wastewater. Of the many options, lignocellulose, as an abundant, biocompatible and renewable material, is the most attractive candidate for water remediation due to the unique physical and chemical properties of its constituents. Herein, we review the latest research advances in lignocellulose-based adsorbents, focusing on lignocellulosic composition, material modification, application of adsorbents. The modification and preparation methods of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose and their applications in the treatment of diverse contaminated water are systematically and comprehensively presented. Also, the detailed description of the adsorption model, the adsorption mechanism and the adsorbent regeneration technique provides an excellent reference for understanding the underlying adsorption mechanism and the adsorbent recycling. Finally, the challenges and limitations of lignocellulosic adsorbents are evaluated from a practical application perspective, and future developments in the related field are discussed. In summary, this review offers rational insights to develop lignocellulose-based environmentally-friendly reactive materials for the removal of hazardous aquatic contaminants. 

Recent advances and future perspective on lignocellulose-based materials as adsorbents in diverse water treatment applications.

A sustainable layered nanofiber/sheet aerogels enabling repeated life cycles for effective oil/water separation

Multifunctional nano-cellulose aerogel for efficient oil-water separation: Vital roles of magnetic exfoliated bentonite and polyethyleneimine

New insights into cupric ion-mediated ligand-to-metal charge transfer between TiO2 with peroxydisulfate under visible light for bolstering benzophenone-3 degradation

Interaction of a fluorescent cationic surfactant bearing a coumarin derivative with DNA

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Multifunctional nano-cellulose aerogel for efficient oil-water separation: Vital roles of magnetic exfoliated bentonite and polyethyleneimine

New insights into cupric ion-mediated ligand-to-metal charge transfer between TiO2 with peroxydisulfate under visible light for bolstering benzophenone-3 degradation

Interaction of a fluorescent cationic surfactant bearing a coumarin derivative with DNA