Piezoelectric materials that can function at high temperatures without failure are desired for structural health monitoring and/or nondestructive evaluation of the next generation turbines, more efficient jet engines, steam, and nuclear/electrical power plants. The operational temperature range of smart transducers is limited by the sensing capability of the piezoelectric material at elevated temperatures, increased conductivity and mechanical attenuation, variation of the piezoelectric properties with temperature. This article discusses properties relevant to sensor applications, including piezoelectric materials that are commercially available and those that are under development. Compared to ferroelectric polycrystalline materials, piezoelectric single crystals avoid domain-related aging behavior, while possessing high electrical resistivities and low losses, with excellent thermal property stability. Of particular interest is oxyborate [ReCa4O (BO3)3] single crystals for ultrahigh temperature applications (>1000°C). These crystals offer piezoelectric coefficients deff, and electromechanical coupling factors keff, on the order of 3–16 pC/N and 6%–31%, respectively, significantly higher than those values of α-quartz piezocrystals (~2 pC/N and 8%). Furthermore, the absence of phase transitions prior to their melting points ~1500°C, together with ultrahigh electrical resistivities (>106 Ω·cm at 1000°C) and thermal stability of piezoelectric properties (< 20% variations in the range of room temperature ~1000°C), allow potential operation at extreme temperature and harsh environments.

Piezoelectric Materials for High Temperature Sensors

The primary goal of this review is to present a clear chemical perspective of borates in order to stimulate and facilitate the discovery of new borate-based optical materials. These materials, whic...

Borates: A Rich Source for Optical Materials.

Nd:GdVO4 crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the crystal were measured at room temperature. The thermal expansion and the specific heat of the crystal were also measured. Laser outputs at 1.06 and 1.34 µm were achieved when a Nd:GdVO4 crystal sample with a high Nd doping concentration was pumped by a low-power laser diode (LD) at 808.5 nm, and visible green and red laser outputs of intracavity frequency doubling at 0.53 and 0.67 µm were also achieved when nonlinear KTiOPO4 and LiB3O5 crystal, respectively, were used. The highly Nd-doped Nd:GdVO4 crystal was pumped by a high-power LD, and a greater than 5-W laser output power at 1.06 µm was obtained. A low-Nd-doping concentration Nd:GdVO4 crystal sample was pumped by a high-power LD, yielding laser output powers at 1.06 and 0.53 µm; 0.53-µm green laser output was obtained when a KTiOPO4 crystal was used, and the output beam’s values were M2=1.76 at an output power of 14.3 W at 1.06 µm and M2=1.55 at an output power of 3.3 W at 0.53 µm. Acousto-optical Q-switched laser outputs at 1.06 and 0.53 µm were also achieved. A thermal lens made from a Nd:GdVO4 crystal was measured; it was weaker than that of a Nd:YVO4 crystal. Some important material parameters, such as temperature-induced changes in refractive index, material constant, thermal-stress resistance figure of merit, and power per unit length at the stress fracture limit, have been estimated.

Characterization of the laser crystal Nd:GdVO 4

Efficient second harmonic generation of pulsed laser radiation in BiB3O6 (BIBO) crystal with different phase matching directions

The self-doubling and summing lasers: overview and modeling

Studies on the effective nonlinear coefficient of GdCa4O(BO3)3 crystal

The stability of linear planar resonators involved in solid-state lasers is entirely decided by the thermal lens of the laser crystal. There exists a critical point between stable state and unstable state at which the thermal focal length equals the distance from the center of the crystal to one end mirror. Based on this fact, a new method for measuring the thermal focal length of the laser crystal has been presented and applied to a Nd3+:YVO4 crystal at various absorbed pump power levels up to 10 W. The results have shown to be in good agreement with theoretical calculation.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0256-307X/16/3/010/pdf

Thermal Lens Determination of End-Pumped Solid-state Lasers by a Simple Direct Approach

Second harmonic generation and self-frequency doubling performance in Nd:GdCa4O(BO3)3 crystal

Research on growth and self-frequency doubling OF Nd:ReCOB (Re=Y OR Gd) crystals

Anisotropic properties of Nd:ReCOB (Re=Y,Gd):A low symmetry self-frequency doubling crystal

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Junhua Lu

Author Tools

Chat about Author