Bisphenol A--sources, toxicity and biotransformation.

http://jmclachlan.tulane.edu/PDFs/wetherilletal2007.pdf

In vitro molecular mechanisms of bisphenol A action.

Review: Endocrine disrupting chemicals and immune responses: A focus on bisphenol-A and its potential mechanisms

Bisphenol A (BPA) and cell signaling pathways.

Immunomodulatory effects of synthetic endocrine disrupting chemicals on the development and functions of human immune cells.

Bisphenol A [2, 2 bis (4-hydoxyphenyl) propane; BPA] is a widely used endocrine disruptors and has estrogenic activities. Although interests on biological effect of BPA are rising, evidences of its effect on immune system are lacking. We investigated that the effect of BPA on immune parameters to postulate the mechanism, and BPA interruptions between neuroendocrine and immune system. BPA was administrated to mice by p.o. (as a drinking water) dose on 0.015, 1.5 and 30 mg/ml for 4 weeks. The BPA treatment did not result in any change in body weight, spleen weight and distribution of lymphocyte subpopulation collected from spleen. BPA induced prolactin production in spleen, and exposure of BPA increased the activity of splenocyte proliferation in response to Con A (p<0.001). The production of a strong Th-1 type cytokine (IFN-gamma) was induced while Th-2 type (IL-4) was suppressed by BPA treatment. These were consistent with RT-PCR results of transcription factor GATA-3 and IRF-1. These findings suggested that stimulation of prolactin production by estrogenic effects of BPA would affect cytokine profiles, and lead to imbalanced cellular immune response. In addition, we could speculate that prolactin and cytokine is important mediator involved in network between neuroendocrine and immune system by BPA.

Evaluation of the immune response following exposure of mice to bisphenol A: induction of Th1 cytokine and prolactin by BPA exposure in the mouse spleen cells.

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Evaluation of the immune response following exposure of mice to bisphenol A: induction of Th1 cytokine and prolactin by BPA exposure in the mouse spleen cells.