Corrosion and penetration behaviors of slag/steel on the corroded interfaces of Al2O3-C refractories: Role of Ti3AlC2

In order to achieve high-quality and stable production of special steel, the performance of low-carbon MgO-C refractories needs to be further optimized. For this purpose, low-carbon MgO–Al 2 O 3 –La 2 O 3 –C refractories with enhanced thermal shock resistance and slag resistance were designed and successfully prepared by introducing Al 2 O 3 as a reinforcer and La 2 O 3 as a modifier. The results showed that the refractory samples with additives show better overall performance than those without additives. When 10 wt% of Al 2 O 3 and La 2 O 3 were added, the oxidation resistance, thermal shock resistance and slag resistance of the refractory samples coked at 1400 °C are increased by 13.57%, 17.75% and 43.09%, respectively. The analysis found that this can be mainly attributed to the formation of MgAl 2 O 4 , Mg 2 SiO 4 , and 2CaO·4La 2 O 3 ·6SiO 2 and the consequent volume expansion effect and intergranular phase enhancement effect. Therefore, a low-cost and enforceable reinforcement strategy for low-carbon MgO-C refractories is proposed, which is expected to be applied in steelmaking. 

Designing low-carbon MgO–Al2O3–La2O3–C refractories with balanced performance for ladle furnaces

To solve the problem of the high cost of ZrN as a raw material, nanoscale c-ZrN powders were synthesized by molten-salt nitridation at 1100 °C and introduced into low-carbon MgO–C refractories. The effect of ZrN content on the microstructure and properties of the refractories was investigated. The results indicated that the addition of ZrN significantly promoted the reaction, and there was a certain degree of chemical bonding between ZrN and the formed ceramic phases. As the content of ZrN increased, the formation of more ceramic phases was promoted, especially the formation of a larger amount and larger size of flake-like Mg2SiO4, which greatly improved the mechanical properties of the MgO–C refractories. Finally, the mechanism of ZrN in the MgO–C refractories was clarified.

Evolution of c-ZrN nanopowders in low-carbon MgO–C refractories and their properties

Enhanced oxidation resistance of low-carbon MgO–C refractories with ternary carbides: a review

Oxidation behaviors of MgO-C refractories with different Si/SiC ratio in the 1100–1500 °C range

Different approaches to develop low-carbon refractories have been recently proposed. Among them, the use of Ti3AlC2 can influence the corroded interface and improve the corrosion resistance of low-carbon containing refractories, but current understanding of the role of Ti3AlC2 is far from complete. In this work, the impact of the single additives Ti3AlC2 and Si as well as their combination on the microstructure and properties of MgO-C refractories were evaluated. The newly formed ceramic bonding phases contribute to superior mechanical properties. However, the high volume expansion of Ti3AlC2 led to adverse effect when using Ti3AlC2 as single antioxidant. The combination of Ti3AlC2 and Si could inhibit the rapid oxidation and excessive expansion of Ti3AlC2.

Elucidating the role of Ti3AlC2 in low carbon MgO-C refractories: Antioxidant or alternative carbon source?

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Elucidating the role of Ti3AlC2 in low carbon MgO-C refractories: Antioxidant or alternative carbon source?