Titanium carbides, oxides, nitrides, and carbonitrides possess many special and excellent properties. But the high production cost caused by the traditional carbothermic reduction process severely limits the wide applications. In this study, a novel synthesis process has been proposed by reducing and carbonitriding TiO2 with a CH4-H2-N2 gas mixture at low temperatures. The synthesis of Ti(C, N, O), reaction mechanism, and the composition of the product have been investigated. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that TiO2 could be ultimately reduced and carbonitrided to Ti(C, N, O) by CH4-H2-N2 gas mixture. Based on the predictions of thermodynamics, the effects of reduction time, temperature, and gas composition have been studied experimentally. The obtained results indicated that increasing reduction temperature and introduction of N2 are beneficial to the synthesis of Ti(C, N, O). Finally, the optimum reaction conditions have been obtained. The density functional theory (DFT) results further demonstrated the reaction mechanism. This work provides a new approach to prepare metallic carbonitrides from their oxides.

Synthesis of Ti(C, N, O) ceramic from rutile at low temperature by CH4-H2-N2 gas mixture

Determination of the Carbon-Saturated SiO2-CaO-TiOx Phase Diagram at 1773 K


 Titanium carbides, oxides, nitrides and carbonitrides possess many special and excellent properties. But the high production cost caused by the traditional carbothermic reduction process severely limits the wide applications. In this study, a novel synthesis process has been proposed by reducing and carbonitriding TiO2 with CH4-H2-N2 gas mixture at low temperatures. The synthesis of Ti(C, N, O), reaction mechanism and the products composition have been investigated. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that TiO2 could be ultimately reduced and carbonitrided to Ti(C, N, O) by CH4-H2-N2 gas mixture. Based on the predictions of thermodynamics, the effects of reduction time, temperature, and gas composition have been studied experimentally. The obtained results indicated that increasing reduction temperature and introduction of N2 are beneficial to the synthesis of Ti(C, N, O). Finally, the optimum reaction conditions have been obtained. The density functional theory (DFT) results further demonstrated the reaction mechanism. This work provides a new approach to prepare metallic carbonitrides from their oxides.

/pdf/synthesis-of-ti-c-n-o-from-tio2-by-ch4-h2-n2-gas-mixture-at-4wjiguk8qv.pdf

Synthesis of Ti(C, N, O) from TiO2 by CH4-H2-N2 Gas Mixture at Low Temperature

Synthesis of Fe3O4-NH2-APTES@rGO@SiO2 core–shell magnetic microspheres for efficient aqueous phenol photocatalytic degradation

The utilization of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag (TiO2 about 23 wt%) is an urgent problem to be solved. The selective crystallization and carbonization by methane process is a novel method to extract the titanium in the slag. In this study, the thermodynamic calculation results showed that the increase in basicity was beneficial for the crystallization of perovskite in the TiO2–CaO–SiO2 ternary slag, which contributes to the enrichment of titanium. In the following carbonization process, it was also found that the addition of Fe2O3 and CH4N2O was beneficial for the synthesis of Ti(N,C,O). The reasons were Fe2O3 could catalyze the decomposition of methane to generate the active carbon, and CH4N2O acted as the pore-forming material which resulted in the specific surface area of solid powder increasing, namely increasing the contact chance of methane with powders.

Crystallization and Carbonization of TiO 2 –CaO–SiO 2 Ternary Slag

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Crystallization and Carbonization of TiO 2 –CaO–SiO 2 Ternary Slag