Impact of cadmium pollution on food safety and human health

Mechanistic elucidation of germination potential and growth of Sesbania sesban seedlings with Bacillus anthracis PM21 under heavy metals stress: An in vitro study.

This study investigated levels and sources of pollution and potential health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban street dust collected from Tyumen city, a large transport centre with one of the highest motorization rates in Russia. Twenty street dust samples were collected from four grades of roads in five different land use areas. Research methods included measurements of physical and chemical properties of street dust, concentrations of 18 PTEs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, 12 PAHs using high-performance liquid chromatography, and statistical analysis of the data. Concentrations of Ni, Cr, Sb, and Mo, as well as medium and high molecular weight PAHs in urban street dust, were notably higher than in soils within the city, which indicates that transport is the main source of these elements. Concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn, and As in street dust of Tyumen were lower compared to many large cities, while Cr, Ni, and Co were higher. Concentrations of PAH were comparable to other large nonindustrial cities. Total contamination of street dust by both PTEs and PAHs showed more robust relationships with the number of roadway lanes rather than land use. The estimated carcinogenic risks were low in 70% of samples and medium in 30% of samples. Noncarcinogenic risks were attributed to exposure to Co, Ni, V, and As. The total noncarcinogenic risk for adults was found to be negligible, while the risk was found to be moderate for children.

Pollution status and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust of Tyumen city, Russia

The use of heavy metals in the manufacturing industry over the past few decades has eventually contributed to a rise in the flow of metallic compounds into wastewater and has raised significant ecological and health threats to living things. Adsorption is an excellent way to treat solid waste effluent, offering significant benefits such as affordability, profitability, ease of operation and efficiency. However, the price of commercial adsorbent namely activated carbon has soared due to its high demand. There is also a green improvement in this method by turning the commercial adsorbent into agricultural waste. In Malaysia, the oil palm waste is such suitable material that can be utilized for making activated carbon, since they are ample and easy to find. Additionally, part of them is agricultural waste that cannot be consumed (i.e. leaves and fronds). Hence, this study aimed to analyse the potential of activated carbon from agricultural waste, namely oil palm waste, in reducing the levels of heavy metals in industrial wastewater.

http://www.jeeng.net/pdf-132854-61821?filename=A Review on Adsorption of.pdf

A Review on Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Wood-Industrial Wastewater by Oil Palm Waste

The influence of the brake pad construction on noise formation, people’s health and reduction measures

Faisalabad is one of the major industrial cities of Pakistan, which may cause noise pollution to the local residents due to the development of robust industrial and transport systems. This study aimed at (i) mapping the noise pollution levels at various locations of Faisalabad city; (ii) comparing noise pollution levels in the morning, the afternoon, and the evening for each source; and (iii) assessing nonauditory effects of noise on human health. Two industries and 43 famous/busy locations of Faisalabad Sadar were selected to study noise pollution by using the sound level meter for the period of 24 h. A questionnaire-based survey was carried out near the sampling points to get a public perception about the health impacts of noise pollution. The measured equivalent sound pressure levels (SPLeq) were higher than the permissible limits at all the sampling locations during morning, afternoon, and evening hours. The maximum sound pressure level (SPLmax) was 102 dB inside the production unit in the afternoon at Mian Muhammad Siddiq Textile Loom industry. The average SPL was found at State Bank road (102 dB), Children’s Hospital (101 dB), Jhang Bazar (100 dB) in the afternoon and at Punjab Medical College in the evening (97 dB). Based on the survey, 94% of respondents reported headache, 76% sleeplessness, 74% hypertension, 74% physiological stress, 64% elevated blood pressure levels, and 60% dizziness due to noise. Noise pollution is higher than the standard limits and causes auditory as well as nonauditory effects on humans. The vehicles and industrial machinery should be maintained, and sound proofing and protection equipment should be provided to the workforce in order to protect them from extreme noise levels.

Assessment of noise pollution and its effects on human health in industrial hub of Pakistan

Vegetables are a common and important source of food and nutrition but the increasing concentration of cadmium (Cd) in the food chain via wastewater–soil–vegetable continuum is posing a threat to their growth as well as human life. This study aimed at determining the effects of variation in duration of plant exposure to different dosages of Cd on growth, physiology and potential health risks of three commonly grown leafy vegetables, viz. spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The experiment was a 5 × 3 factorial containing five doses (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg Cd kg−1 soil) and three (25, 50 and 75 day) durations of plant exposure. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. It was found that plant height, root length, leaf area and biomass were significantly affected by increasing Cd concentration up to 40 mg kg−1 for all the vegetables. Furthermore, Cd treatments significantly affected the photosynthetic and biochemical attributes such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and total chlorophylls at various growth stages of vegetables tested in comparison with their respective controls. Accumulation of Cd in all the leafy vegetables, its daily intake via vegetable consumption and health risk index were significantly increased with the increase in Cd concentration. The highest values of these parameters were found at 40 mg Cd kg−1 soil. It could be concluded that duration of exposure and Cd dose were very important in determining Cd toxicity, which are reflected in drastic reduction in vegetable growth and physiology. Moreover, the consumption of such vegetables would have toxic effects on human health.

Unraveling the effects of cadmium on growth, physiology and associated health risks of leafy vegetables

Bioremediation: A Green Solution to avoid Pollution of the Environment

A study was conducted at vegetable seed Laboratory Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad to investigate the effect of halo and hydro-priming on seed germination and seedling growth of cabbage under saline conditions. Cabbage seeds were primed with five different salts i.e. KNO3, KH2PO4, KCl, NaCl, CaNO3, and water (Hydro-priming) for 2 hours in darkness at 24±1oC temperature. Both primed and unprimed seeds were irrigated with five different saline solutions [0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM and 200 mM NaCl]. Results showed that priming treatments with KCl, KH2PO4 and KNO3 at different concentrations gave best results in terms of final germination percentage (FGP), time taken to 50 % germination (T50), germination index (GI), mean germination time (MGT) and seedling vigour index (SVI) as compared to unprimed seeds. However, enhanced salinity levels had harmful influence on almost all parameters under study. The present study exposed that under normal and saline conditions all priming treatments mainly KNO3 can be used to increase seed enactment in cabbage. However, further studies are needed to investigate the effects of halo priming on growth and yield of cabbage.
Keywords:  Cabbage; Germination energy; Halo priming; Salinity
http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2017.60002

/pdf/influence-of-hydro-and-halo-priming-on-germination-and-26j4iwe43n.pdf

Influence of hydro- and halo- priming on germination and seedling growth of cabbage under saline conditions

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Assessment of noise pollution and its effects on human health in industrial hub of Pakistan

Unraveling the effects of cadmium on growth, physiology and associated health risks of leafy vegetables

Bioremediation: A Green Solution to avoid Pollution of the Environment

Influence of hydro- and halo- priming on germination and seedling growth of cabbage under saline conditions