Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is among the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. The disorder is associated with a decrease in the activity of the nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide system. Piperazine ferulate (PF) is widely used for the treatment of kidney disease in China. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of PF on streptozotocin (STZ)‑induced DN and the underlying mechanism of this process. STZ‑induced diabetic mice were intragastrically administered PF (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/body weight/day) for 12 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the parameters of 24‑h albuminuria and blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and oxidative stress levels were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid‑Schiff staining and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the histopathological alterations. mRNA and protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. PF significantly decreased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and 24‑h albuminuria, and it alleviated oxidative stress, improved glomerular basement membrane thickness and caused an upregulation in eNOS expression and activity levels in diabetic mice. In addition, high glucose decreased eNOS expression levels, whereas PF caused a reversal in the nitric oxide (NO) levels of glomerular endothelial cells. The present results suggested that PF exhibited renoprotective effects on DN. The mechanism of its action was associated with the regulation of eNOS expression and activity.

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2019.9875/download

Piperazine ferulate ameliorates the development of diabetic nephropathy by regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase

Incorporating β-cyclodextrin into collagen scaffolds to sequester growth factors and modulate mesenchymal stem cell activity

The prevalence of excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) during pregnancy is increasing, and it is extremely harmful to pregnant women and newborns. Previous studies have suggested that EGWG is associated with various factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify, quantify and analyze determinants of EGWG and evaluate the effect of these determinants on EGWG.We searched for articles, from January 2009 to November 2020, related to the determinants of EGWG during pregnancy using four Chinese and four English databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement was utilized to guide the systematic review and meta-analysis process.Seventy studies, which identified EGWG factors in pregnant women (58 factors, 3 themes: individual [7 aspects, 37 factors]; family [4 aspects, 8 factors]; and social [4 aspects, 13 factors]), were included and analyzed in the systematic review. A meta-analysis was conducted for 13 factors (including 10 individual factors, 2 family factors, and 1 social factor) and revealed that pre-pregnancy overweight (including obesity), younger age (≤ 30 years old), unemployed, primiparity, smoking, and being unmarried (including divorced) were risk factors for EGWG, while prepregnancy underweight and inadequate antenatal care were protective factors for EGWG. There was no significant correlation between EGWG and education level, alcohol consumption, planning pregnancy, food security, and whether access to nutrition guidance during pregnancy.EGWG was prevalent in pregnant women, and its prevalence seemed to be high and similar in many countries. Based on observational studies with medium-level and high-level evidence, some individual, family, and social factors were found to be associated with EGWG using qualitative and quantitative methods. In the future, exposure of pregnant women to risk factors for EGWG should be avoided, and interventions should be developed around the identified factors. 

/pdf/determinants-of-excessive-gestational-weight-gain-a-2trxthb3.pdf

Determinants of excessive gestational weight gain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES There is a growing body of evidence linking dietary energy density (DED) with metabolic disorders like obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, according to our knowledge, there has been no systematic review and mate-analysis on T2D and MetS with DED. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between DED with the risk of obesity, T2D and MetS in a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS We searched all published studies according to the defined keywords up to march 2020 in the PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases. We excluded those that did not calculate DED for total intake, no observed association between obesity, T2D, MetS as the primary or one of the outcomes with DED, no reported odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), studies in children under 2 years old, patients with cancer and pregnant women. RESULTS From 2282, after deleting the duplicates and irrelevant studies, we entered 58 articles ( 47 systematic reviews and 11 meta-analyse). We indicated an increased risk of T2D in relation to DED (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18-1.33, P < .001). But studies reviewed were inconsistent. All studies which examined the relationship between DED and MetS showed a positive relationship with an increased signiﬁcant risk (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.22-2.07, P < .001). Most articles reported a direct association between DED and obesity but the relationship between DED and risk of obesity was not significant (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.92-1.17, P = .543). CONCLUSION In this systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, we found that the DED increased the risk of T2D and MetS but was not significant with the risk of obesity.

The association of dietary energy density and the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Background Pregnancy and birth cohorts addressing maternal nutrition and its impact on health outcomes have been rare in China, especially in Southwest China Objectives To describe the design, implementation, baseline characteristics, and initial results of the Nutrition in Pregnancy and Growth in Southwest China (NPGSC) cohort Population Pregnant women with their children in Southwest China Design NPGSC participants have been prospectively recruited since 2014 Pregnant women were invited to participate in the study at their first routine ultrasound examination in gestational weeks 9-11 Data were assessed three times during pregnancy (9-11, 20-22, and 33-35 gestation weeks), and eight times in infants and toddlers Methods Pre-pregnancy body weight and height were self-reported; gestational weight gain was measured at regular intervals Both food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and 24-hour dietary recalls were used to collect dietary intakes during pregnancy, and FFQ for diet before pregnancy Information on pregnancy outcomes was extracted from the medical birth registry Anthropometry of children in the first 3 years of life was measured by trained investigators Other child outcomes, including feeding practices (self-reported by mothers) and cognitive development (assessed by the Chinese version of Ages and Stages Questionnaire), were recorded Preliminary results Between 2014 and 2018, 12 989 pregnant women were enrolled, and 2296 children completed the 3 years follow-up Among them, 115 pregnancies ended in stillbirth Mean maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was 211 kg/m2 and mean gestational weight gain was 135 kg 186% of mothers developed gestational diabetes and 15% of mothers were diagnosed with preeclampsia Mean birthweight and birth length of children were, respectively, 3329 g and 494 cm Conclusion We built a prospective cohort in Southwest China, which can provide valuable data to investigate the relevance of nutrition for the health of mothers and children

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ppe.12704

Nutrition in Pregnancy and Growth in Southwest China (NPGSC) cohort: Design, implementation, and characteristics

OBJECTIVE Dietary energy density (ED) might have influences on body composition. We therefore examined whether ED is associated with body composition among Chinese adults. DESIGN We collected dietary data through validated two-day 24 h recalls. ED, defined as the amount of energy per unit weight of food consumed, was calculated based on five methods. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between ED and body composition parameters, including BMI, fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), percentage body fat (%BF) and waist circumference (WC). SETTING Southwest China. SUBJECTS Chinese adults (n 1933) in 2013. RESULTS After adjusting the covariates, all ED definitions were positively associated with BMI, FMI, FFMI, %BF and WC among women (P<0·01). In men, however, ED with foods only was positively associated with BMI, FMI, FFMI and %BF (P<0·05), but not with WC (P=0·07); we also found null associations between ED with foods and all beverages and body composition among men. Additionally, ED contributed to higher increases of body composition in women than in men (P<0·01). CONCLUSIONS The present study supports the positive association between ED and body composition among adults in Southwest China, in which beverages may play an important role.

/pdf/dietary-energy-density-is-positively-associated-with-body-1dwf7pmb19.pdf

Dietary energy density is positively associated with body composition of adults in Southwest China.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of piperazine ferulate (PF) on synthesis of extracellular matrix and expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in transforming growth factor-betal (TGF-beta1) induced rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC), and to investigate its mechanism on the prevention of glomerulosclerosis METHODS Rat HBZY-1 GMCs were cultured in vitro and divided into 5 groups: Normal control group, TGF-beta1-stimulated group, TGF-beta1 plus 50, 100, 200 ng/mL PF group The level of CTGF protein expression induced by TGF-beta1 was measured by immunocytochemistry, The mRNA expression of CTGF was evaluated by quantitative real time fluroscent polymerase chain reaction The expressions of fibronectin and collagen I were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) RESULTS With the stimulation of TGF-beta1, the expression of of CTGF protein and mRNA, as well as fibronectin and collagen I were markly increased (P < 005), which then were decreased by the treatment of PF (P < 005) CONCLUSION PF can partly inhibit synthesis of the extracellular matrix and CTGF PF may take part in the prevention of glomerulosclerosis through the inhibition of CTGF expression

[Effects of piperazine ferulate on connective tissue growth factor and extracellular matrix in TGF-beta1 induced mesangial cells].

OBJECTIVE To determine the association of dietary energy intake and energy density( ED) with gestational weight gain among pregnant women in Chengdu. METHODS A total of 503 pregnant women who took the prenatal examination in West China Second University Hospital were selected in the prospective study in 2015. ED, computed as the ratio of energy intake( kcal) per weight( g) of foods( kcal/g), was calculated using three methods as follows:( 1) ED1 included foods only, excluding all beverages;( 2) ED2 included foods and milk;( 3) ED3 included foods and beverages. Energy intake were calculated using dietary data respectively collected in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy by validated 24-hour recalls, in which ED was calculated based on three calculation method. Data on gestational weight gain was calculated by using pre-pregnancy weight and prenatal weight. Excessive gestational weight gain was determined by the 2009 Institute of Medicine( IOM) recommendations for gestational weight gain. Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the association of energy intake and ED with excessive gestational weight gain. RESULTS The risk of excessive gestational weight gain was higher among pregnant women whose dietary energy intake during the third trimester of pregnancy was higher( OR = 1. 94, 95% CI 1. 18-3. 23). After adjusting for covariates, ED based on foods and milk during the third trimester of pregnancy was identified as a protect factor of excessive gestational weight gain( OR = 0. 56, 95% CI 0. 34-0. 93). Dietary energy intake and ED in the first and second trimester of pregnancy were not associated with excessive gestational weight gain after adjustment of all covariates. CONCLUSION Dietary energy intake in the third trimester of pregnancy might be the risk factor of excessive gestational weight gain, while moderate ED may be the protect factor.

Association of dietary energy intake and energy density with gestational weight gain in Chengdu City

Objective To determine the association of eating frequency (EF) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with birth body mass of neonates. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on 578 healthy pregnant women from April to October 2015. Dietary intake and physical activity data per trimester were collected using a questionnaire. Data in relation to gestational body mass, gestational stage and birth body mass of neonates were obtained from clinical records. Multiple logistic regression models were established to test the impacts of EF and GWG on appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between EF and birth body mass of neonates. Results A final sample of 503 eligible pregnant women (87.02%) was included in data analyses. Higher EF 〔odds ratio (OR)=2.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-3.47〕 and snacks (OR=1.84; 95%CI: 1.08-3.15) in the first trimester were associated with increased risk of excessive GWG, after controlling for maternal age, education, average household income, physicalactivity, numbers of pregnancy, numbers of delivery, and dietary intake (protein, fat, carbohydrate). A meal frequency greater (OR=2.83; 95%CI: 1.07-4.58) or less (OR=1.92; 95%CI: 1.08-3.61) than three in the first trimester was also associated with increased risk of large or small for gestational age. Meal frequency in the first trimester was positively correlated with birth body mass of neonates (β=236.17; P<0.01). Conclusion Frequent eating and snacks in the first trimester are associated with increased risks of excessive GWG. Meal frequency in the first trimester is also positively correlated with birth body mass of neonates: three meals per day is a protective factor of AGA.

[Eating Frequency and Gestational Weight Gain and Its Association with Birth Body Mass of Neonates: a Birth Cohort Study].

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Dietary energy density is positively associated with body composition of adults in Southwest China.

[Effects of piperazine ferulate on connective tissue growth factor and extracellular matrix in TGF-beta1 induced mesangial cells].

Association of dietary energy intake and energy density with gestational weight gain in Chengdu City

[Eating Frequency and Gestational Weight Gain and Its Association with Birth Body Mass of Neonates: a Birth Cohort Study].