The merger of photoredox catalysis with transition metal catalysis, termed metallaphotoredox catalysis, has become a mainstay in synthetic methodology over the past decade. Metallaphotoredox catalysis has combined the unparalleled capacity of transition metal catalysis for bond formation with the broad utility of photoinduced electron- and energy-transfer processes. Photocatalytic substrate activation has allowed the engagement of simple starting materials in metal-mediated bond-forming processes. Moreover, electron or energy transfer directly with key organometallic intermediates has provided novel activation modes entirely complementary to traditional catalytic platforms. This Review details and contextualizes the advancements in molecule construction brought forth by metallaphotocatalysis.

Metallaphotoredox: The Merger of Photoredox and Transition Metal Catalysis.

The late stage functionalization (LSF) of complex biorelevant compounds is a powerful tool to speed up the identification of structure-activity relationships (SARs) and to optimize ADME profiles. To this end, visible-light photocatalysis offers unique opportunities to achieve smooth and clean functionalization of drugs by unlocking site-specific reactivities under generally mild reaction conditions. This review offers a critical assessment of current literature, pointing out the recent developments in the field while emphasizing the expected future progress and potential applications. Along with paragraphs discussing the visible-light photocatalytic synthetic protocols so far available for LSF of drugs and drug candidates, useful and readily accessible synoptic tables of such transformations, divided by functional groups, will be provided, thus enabling a useful, fast, and easy reference to them.

Visible light photocatalysis in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds.

Organic compounds that show Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) have become wildly popular as next-generation emitters in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Since 2016, a subset of these have found increasing use as photocatalysts. This review comprehensively highlights their potential by documenting the diversity of the reactions where an organic TADF photocatalyst can be used in lieu of a noble metal complex photocatalyst. Beyond the small number of TADF photocatalysts that have been used to date, the analysis conducted within this review reveals the wider potential of organic donor–acceptor TADF compounds as photocatalysts. A discussion of the benefits of compounds showing TADF for photocatalysis is presented, which paints a picture of a very promising future for organic photocatalyst development.

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Organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds used in photocatalysis

Pyridinium salts are valuable building blocks, which have been widely applied in various organic transformations during the past few decades. In particular, N-functionalized pyridinium salts have b...

Recent Advances in Pyridinium Salts as Radical Reservoirs in Organic Synthesis

In this Review, we highlight recent advances in the understanding and design of N-functionalized pyridinium scaffolds as redox-active, single-electron, functional group transfer reagents. We provide a selection of representative methods that demonstrate reactivity and fundamental advances in this emerging field. The reactivity of these reagents can be divided into two divergent pathways: homolytic fragmentation to liberate the N-bound substituent as the corresponding radical or an alternative heterolytic fragmentation that liberates an N-centered pyridinium radical. A short description of the elementary steps involved in fragmentation induced by single-electron transfer is also critically discussed to guide readers towards fundamental processes thought to occur under these conditions.

Pyridinium Salts as Redox-Active Functional Group Transfer Reagents.

Deaminative Reductive Arylation Enabled by Nickel/Photoredox Dual Catalysis

Photoredox-Catalyzed Multicomponent Petasis Reaction with Alkyltrifluoroborates.

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Deaminative Reductive Arylation Enabled by Nickel/Photoredox Dual Catalysis

Photoredox-Catalyzed Multicomponent Petasis Reaction with Alkyltrifluoroborates.