Recent advances in graphene-based biosensors

Electrochemistry of graphene and related materials.

Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials for Sensor Applications

Photoelectrochemical DNA biosensors.

Graphene, one kind of emerging carbon nanomaterial, has attracted increasing attention recently. Due to its fascinating physical and electrochemical properties, graphene as a promising electrode material has been widely used in electrochemical sensing applications. In this review, different approaches for the fabrication of graphene and the preparation of graphene-modified electrodes for electrochemical sensors are introduced. Moreover, recent research results on different graphene-based materials as an electrochemical platform for the detection of various biomolecules and chemicals are reviewed and compared. More electrochemical studies on this novel material should show up in the near future.

Graphene‐Based Electrochemical Sensors

Enhanced direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and biosensing for glucose via synergy effect of graphene and CdS nanocrystals.

This work describes a highly sensitive and rapid amperometric biosensor for organophosphate compounds (OPs) based on immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on a novel TiO2-decorated graphene (TiO2-G) nanohybrid, which was constructed by in situgrowth of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on the graphene sheet. The well-dispersed TiO2 NPs eliminated the restacking of TiO2-G nanohybrids. Due to the integrating of TiO2-G nanohybrids, the as-prepared biosensor showed high affinity to acetylthiocholine (ATCl) with a Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) value of 0.22 mM, and rapid inhibition time (3 min). Further, based on the inhibition of OPs on the enzymatic activity of the immobilized AChE, and using carbaryl as a model compound, the inhibition of carbaryl was proportional to its concentration ranging from 0.001 to 0.015 and 0.015 to 2 μg mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.3 ng mL−1 (S/N = 3). The developed biosensor exhibited a good performance for organophosphate pesticide detection, including good reproducibility and acceptable stability, which provided a new and promising tool for the analysis of enzyme inhibitors.

TiO2-decorated graphene nanohybrids for fabricating an amperometric acetylcholinesterase biosensor.

Ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical sensing of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide based on graphene-TiO2 nanohybrids under visible irradiation.

We report a novel and facile electrodeposition method to fabricate a nano-structure film of the unsubstituted metal phthalocyanine on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). In this electrodeposition system, unsubstituted iron(II) phthalocyanine (u-FePc) was chosen as the model complex of the unsubstituted metalphthalocyanine, and the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate was employed as the solvent and electrolyte, thus avoiding the use of additional costly supporting electrolyte. Excellent electrocatalytic performance of the u-FePc nano-structure film was first evaluated by electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA). Compared with the bare GCE, the oxidation peak potential of AA at u-FePc/GCE shifted negatively about 264 mV, and the oxidation peak current increased about 1.8 times. Furthermore, the as-prepared film was employed for the investigation of luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behavior in neutral solution, which showed excellent performance including under selected experimental conditions, the ECL intensity showing an acceptable linear relationship for luminol concentrations between 5 × 10(-8) and 5 × 10(-6) M, and a linear response to H(2)O(2) over a wide concentration range, from 1.0 × 10(-8) to 1.0 × 10(-5) M in 3.0 μM luminol solution.

Electrodeposition of unsubstituted iron phthalocyanine nano-structure film in a functionalized ionic liquid and its electrocatalytic and electroanalysis applications

Using TiO2-decorated graphene (TiO2-G) nanohybrids as the immobilized platform for redox protein, and selecting glucose oxidase (GOD) as model enzyme, the direct electrochemistry of GOD was investigated in this paper. By virtue of the synergetic effect between graphene and TiO2 nanoparticles, the direct electron transfer of GOD on the TiO2-G nanohybrids modified electrode was remarkably promoted with a rate constant of 3.24 s-1. Moreover, based on the decrease of the electrocatalytic response of the reduced form of GOD by dissolved oxygen, a glucose biosensor was developed, which showed a satisfactory analytical performance for glucose determination over an acceptable linear concentration range from 5×10−4 to 2×10−2 mol/L. All these results demonstrated the great significance of such TiO2-G nanohybrids for the immobilization of enzyme and other biomolecules.

Enhanced Direct Electrochemistry of Glucose Oxidase and Glucose Biosensing Based on TiO2-Decorated Graphene Nanohybrids

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