Do green bonds have environmental benefits?

Does green finance and renewable energy promote tourism for sustainable development: Empirical evidence from China

Conjugated polymer photocatalysts for hydrogen production have the advantages of an adjustable structure, strong response in the visible light region, adjustable energy levels, and easy functionalization. Using an atom- and step-economic direct C–H arylation method, dibromocyanostilbene was polymerized with thiophene, dithiophene, terthiophene, and fused thienothiophene and dithienothiophene, respectively, to produce donor–acceptor (D-A)-type linear conjugated polymers containing different thiophene derivatives with different conjugation lengths. Among them, the D-A polymer photocatalyst constructed from dithienothiophene could significantly broaden the spectral response, with a hydrogen evolution rate up to 12.15 mmol h−1 g−1. The results showed that the increase in the number of fused rings on thiophene building blocks was beneficial to the photocatalytic hydrogen production of cyanostyrylphene-based linear polymers. For the unfused dithiophene and terthiophene, the increase in the number of thiophene rings enabled more rotation freedom between the thiophene rings and reduced the intrinsic charge mobility, resulting in lower hydrogen production performance accordingly. This study provides a suitable process for the design of electron donors for D-A polymer photocatalysts.

/pdf/effect-of-controlling-thiophene-rings-on-d-a-polymer-1r22pvb8.pdf

Effect of Controlling Thiophene Rings on D-A Polymer Photocatalysts Accessed via Direct Arylation for Hydrogen Production

Organic polymers with conjugated architectures have been widely exploited as photocatalyst materials for hydrogen generation. However, it is still an enormous challenge to develop photocatalysts with high hydrogen generation activity under natural sunlight, which is pretty significant for practical applications. Herein, two conjugated microporous polymer photocatalysts with definite D−π–A structures are designed and prepared using dibenzo[g,p]chrysene or pyrene with planar conjugated architecture as electron donors, thiophene as a π-spacer, and dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-S,S-dioxide as an electron acceptor. Benefiting from the efficient separation of light-generated electrons/holes due to the definite D−π–A structure and the broad light absorption range, the bare polymer Py-TP-BTDO could deliver a high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 115.03 mmol h–1 g–1 upon exposure to visible light (λ > 420 nm). Impressively, the outdoor photocatalytic experiment reveals that abundant and continuous hydrogen bubbles could be produced fast and visually observed under natural sunlight by the Py-TP-BTDO polymer film with a large active area of 120 cm2. A water-drainage experiment further demonstrates that 1224 mL of hydrogen gas could be produced by 25 mg of a polymer photocatalyst with 3 wt % Pt cocatalyst under natural sunlight in 7 h, corresponding to a high HER of 312.24 mmol h–1 g–1, which represents the state of the art of organic photocatalyst materials to date. The high photocatalytic activity under natural sunlight suggests the potential of the developed Py-TP-BTDO polymer photocatalyst in the practical applications for photocatalytic hydrogen production. 

Rational Design of Conjugated Microporous Polymer Photocatalysts with Definite D−π–A Structures for Ultrahigh Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Activity under Natural Sunlight

The short exciton diffusion length (LD) associated with most classical organic photocatalysts (5-10 nm) imposes severe limits on photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency. Here, a photovoltaic molecule (F1) without electron-deficient units at the central building block was designed and synthesized to improve the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). With the enhanced PLQY of 9.3% and a large integral spectral overlap of 3.32 × 1016 nm4 M-1 cm-1, the average LD of F1 film increases to 20 nm, nearly twice the length of the control photovoltaic molecule (Y6). Then, the single-component organic nanoparticles (SC-NPs) based on F1 show an optimized average hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 152.60 mmol h-1 g-1 under AM 1.5G sunlight (100 mW cm-2) illumination for 10 h, which is among the best results for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Organic Photovoltaic Catalyst with Extended Exciton Diffusion for High-Performance Solar Hydrogen Evolution.

Green finance integrates the concept of environmental governance into the financial industry, which is conducive to sustainable development. Applying the mediating effect model, this paper investigates the effect of green finance on urban haze pollution and explores the mediating role of technological innovation of enterprises between them. Based on a sample of 639 enterprises in China over 2016–2019, a significantly negative effect of green finance on urban haze pollution is found. An increase of one standard deviation in green finance decreases PM2.5 concentration by 8.8 μg/m3, ceteris paribus. Further, green finance may improve environmental quality by promoting technological innovation. Considering the heterogeneity of enterprise ownership, this mediating effect exists in non-state-owned enterprises, while it cannot be observed in state-owned enterprises. This study proposes a new solution for pollution: using green financial tools to promote environmentally friendly technological progress.

/pdf/the-impact-of-green-finance-on-urban-haze-pollution-in-china-18k2giqi.pdf

The Impact of Green Finance on Urban Haze Pollution in China: A Technological Innovation Perspective

Molecular engineering in donor–acceptor conjugated polymers is currently one of the most successful and popular strategy to prepare high performance photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. In this contribution, we have designed and synthesized two novel conjugated polymers with tailored donor–acceptor structures based on dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide and thiophene derivatives, which exhibited tunable band gaps and adjustable charge separation efficiencies. As a result, PDBTSO-T showed an outstanding hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 1.47 mmol h−1 by DMF exfoliation under UV−vis region with Pt cocatalyst in ascorbic acid aqueous solution at 10 mg level, which is among the top performance for photocatalysis conversion reported so far. Very excitingly, when the photocatalysis tests were subjected to natural sunlight irradiation, an impressive HER of ~27 mL (107 mmol g−1 h−1) was achieved after 0.5 h of illumination (12:30 pm − 13:00 pm) on a consistently sunny day under identical reaction conditions. 

Dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide-containing conjugated polymer with hydrogen evolution rate up to 147 mmol g−1 h−1

PSO-BN2 with dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide and pyrazine as the building block exhibited an exceptionally high H2O2 rate of 6996 μmol h−1 g−1 in pure water without any sacrificial agent.

Rational design of dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide-containing conjugated polymers for highly efficient photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide in pure water

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have emerged as one of the promising catalyst substitutes to noble metals in photocatalytic water splitting due to their unique optoelectronic properties. Herein, a series of novel PSO@NiFeLDH composites have been designed and synthesized to investigate photocatalytic performance. Various physicochemical techniques characterized their structural, nanomorphological, and optical properties. These results demonstrated the existence of NiFeLDH particles on the surface of PSO and the strong interaction between NiFeLDH and PSO. The photocatalytic performance was much increased in the case of PSO@NiFeLDH as compared to that of Pt-modified PSO because of the synergistic effect between PSO and NiFeLDH. Remarkably, PSO@NiFeLDH-15 exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity with a rate of 52.8 mmol h-1 g-1 at an optimal content without a Pt cocatalyst under visible light irradiation.

Enhanced visible light photocatalytic hydrogen production over poly(dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide)-based heterostructures decorated by Earth-abundant layered double hydroxides.

The effects of phosphate (P), silicate (Si), humic acid (HA), and calcium (Ca) on the release of As(V) co-precipitated with Fe(III) and Fe(II) during aging were investigated. As(V) in synthetic groundwater could be efficiently removed by both Fe(III) and Fe(II) processes. The addition of P remarkably decreased As(V) removal efficiency while no obvious release of As(V) during aging was observed. Si and HA reduced As(V) removal to a less extent than P but caused notable As(V) release during aging. FTIR spectra and particle size of the precipitates before and after aging indicated that As(V) release in the presence of Si was due to the serious structural transformation and particle aggregation of the precipitates during aging. While for HA, As(V) release was caused by sorption of HA on the precipitates and dissolution of the precipitates by HA. The addition of Ca partially counteracted the adverse impacts of P, Si, and HA and promoted As(V) removal efficiency but had limited inhibitory effect on As(V) release as it induced more serious particle aggregation during aging. The results demonstrated that the release of As(V) caused by Si and HA should be considered when using Fe coagulation for in-situ treatment of As(V) contaminated groundwater.

Effects of phosphate, silicate, humic acid, and calcium on the release of As(V) co-precipitated with Fe(III) and Fe(II) during aging.

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