Rebar corrosion is the most common durability issue in reinforced concrete structures, and replacing steel rebar with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bar can effectively resolve the corrosion issue. Furthermore, it can serve as an appropriate substitute for steel rebar due to its lightweight, high strength, and good corrosion resistance. However, the mechanical performance of FRP bars can still deteriorate under severe environmental and loading conditions. As a result, it is essential to understand the deterioration mechanisms of FRP bars and enhance their durability performance. This study first critically reviews the influences of reinforcement, resin, and bar diameter on the mechanical properties of FRP bars in alkaline solution. The degradation of the mechanical properties of FRP bars is further evaluated in water, seawater, and alkaline solution. The influences of wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles on the FRP bar degradation are also discussed. The degradation mechanisms are analyzed considering the coupling effect of exposure conditions, temperatures, concrete wrappings, and loadings. Then, currently available prediction models for the long-term durability of FRP bars are summarized. Finally, some suggestions for future works are proposed, and concluding remarks are made. This study can provide insight into FRP bars in severe service conditions for their research and application. 

A review on mechanical properties and deterioration mechanisms of FRP bars under severe environmental and loading conditions

Application of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) cables on long-span cable-supported bridges can overcome the disadvantages of traditional steel cables such as heavy weight, obvious sag effect, decreasing carrying efficiency, pronounced fatigue degradation, and serious corrosion damage. On the basis of theoretical analyses and experimental studies on the application of FRP cable in long-span cable-supported bridges, the research progress in recent years on the key issues of FRP cables in long-span cable-supported bridges is reviewed in detail. The basic mechanical properties of FRP cables, the static and dynamic behavior of long-span cable-supported bridge with FRP cables, and the economic performance of long-span cable-supported bridges with FRP cables are discussed. The results show that FRP cables have the feasibility to be used in long-span cable-supported bridges from the mechanical properties. However, due to the poor shearing and bending performance of FRP cables, abundant nonlinear dynamic behavior, complex dynamic performance of bridges, and insufficient practical experience, the application of FRP cables in long-span cable-supported bridges is facing great difficulties. Accordingly, the future research directions on the application of FRP cables on the long-span cable-supported bridge are addressed.

Properties and applications of FRP cable on long-span cable-supported bridges: A review

Fiber reinforced polymer composites in bridge industry

Abstract In this article, two kinds of carbon/glass fiber hybrid rod with the sandwich structures were designed and developed through the pultrusion technology, including the fiber random hybrid (RH) mode with multi-layer sandwich structure and fiber core-shell hybrid (CH) mode with single-layer sandwich structure. The hybrid sandwich-structure plates were prepared from the rod and immersed in bending loading, temperature alternating and sustained water immersion as long as 360 days. The effect of fiber hybrid mode/sandwich structure on the degradation mechanism of mechanical properties was revealed through the digital image correlation and thermogravimetric analysis. Through the fiber hybrid design, the strength improvement percentages of RH plates with multi-layer sandwich structure were up to ∼50% (tensile strength), 30 ∼ 40% (flexural strength) and 18% (in-plane shear strength) compared to CH plates with single-layer sandwich structure. Higher bending loading level brought about the decrease of flexural strength and in-plane shear strength close to 18% and 19%, respectively. During the immersion, microcracks or microvoids formed and expanded in the resin tensile area under the bending loading and water diffusion, leading to the uncoordinated stress concentration for single-layer sandwich-structure CH plate. By uniformly dispersing carbon fibers into glass fibers, the uneven interface stress concentration can be effectively alleviated for multi-layer sandwich-structure RH plates. The comparison of mechanical properties with the others’ work showed the interface shear strength was more sensitive to the bending loading and immersion temperature. The long-term life prediction showed the maximum increase percentages of mechanical properties of multi-layer sandwich structure were 435.4% (tensile strength) and 149.2% (flexural strength) and 110.7–114.2% (shear strength) compared to the single-layer sandwich structure.

Mechanical properties of carbon/glass fiber reinforced polymer plates with sandwich structure exposed to freezing-thawing environment: Effects of water immersion, bending loading and fiber hybrid mode

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite rods are gradually applied in the bridge structures as the stay cable to replace the steel cables The orthotropic properties of FRPs parallel and perpendicular to the fiber direction lead to a huge challenge in anchoring In the present paper, a hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP) composite rod was developed as the bridge stay cable through the pultrusion technology with the diameter of 19 mm, including carbon fiber reinforced polymer core (CFC) and glass fiber reinforced polymer shell (GFS) The simplified mechanical model based on equilibrium, geometric and physical equations and finite element analysis were conducted to analyze the potential failure modes of anchoring HFRP rods It can be observed that the shear failure of CFC/GFS interface of HFRP anchorage system resulted in a low anchorage bearing capacity An innovative compound-type anchorage system through the mechanical extrusion and chemical bonding was proposed to provide the reliable anchorage bearing capacity for HFRP rods It can be found that the stress distribution of compound-type anchorage system was uniform along the anchoring length The tensile load was effectively transferred to the steel anchor by the extrusion and bonding between HFRP rods and steel wedge The fatigue life of HFRP rods with the compound-type anchorage system increased 588–744 times relative to the mechanical anchorage system, and 424 times relative to the bonding-type anchorage system

Innovative compound-type anchorage system for a large-diameter pultruded carbon/glass hybrid rod for bridge cable

Long-term mechanical properties of FRP tendon–anchor systems — A review

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Long-term mechanical properties of FRP tendon–anchor systems — A review