In this work, a high-performance photocatalyst of ZnO/graphene-oxide (ZnO/GO) nanocomposite was synthesized via a facile chemical deposition route and used for the photodegradation of organic dye from water under visible light. The nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, and UV–Vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy. The ZnO/GO nanocomposite consisting of flower-like ZnO nanoparticles anchored on graphene-oxide sheets has a high surface area and hierarchical porosity, which is benefit to the adsorption and mass transfer of dye and oxygen species. For the photodegradation of organic dyes under visible light, ZnO/GO nanocomposite exhibited remarkably enhanced photocatalytic efficiency than graphene-oxide sheets and flower-like ZnO particles. Moreover, the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO/GO nanocomposite could be further improved by annealing the product in N2 atmosphere. The outstanding photocatalytic performance was ascribed to the efficient photosensitized electron injection and repressed charge carriers recombination in the composite with GO as electron collector and transporter, thus leading to continuous generation of reactive oxygen species for the degradation of methylene blue.

ZnO/graphene-oxide nanocomposite with remarkably enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance

The application of "green" chemistry rules to nanoscience and nanotechnology is very important in the preparation of various nanomaterials. In this work, we successfully developed an eco-friendly chemistry method for preparing silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in natural polymeric media. The colloidal Ag-NPs were synthesized in an aqueous solution using silver nitrate, gelatin, and glucose as a silver precursor, stabilizer, and reducing agent, respectively. The properties of synthesized colloidal Ag-NPs were studied at different reaction times. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra were in excellent agreement with the obtained nanostructure studies performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and their size distributions. The prepared samples were also characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The use of eco-friendly reagents, such as gelatin and glucose, provides green and economic attributes to this work.

https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=9605

Time-dependent effect in green synthesis of silver nanoparticles.

The complex and recalcitrant nature of dyes makes a single treatment method inadequate for the removal of dyes from industrial wastewater. Over the years, many researchers have studied the use of combined treatment methods to improve the efficiency of treatment processes to meet the increasingly stringent laws and regulations related to wastewater discharge. However, the successive operation of the treatment methods could be complex and time consuming. To further improve the treatment processes of dye wastewaters, hybrid processes, which integrate multiple treatment processes into a single process, have garnered considerable attention and are being developed. Although hybrid processes have been researched on by several researchers previously, there are some who classify hybrid processes as combined processes. Therefore, the present review specifically classifies combined processes and hybrid processes into their respective categories, together with their advantages, disadvantages and prospects. In addition to hybrid processes, the development of hybrid materials for the enhancement of treatment process has also been studied by many researchers. This development has also brought about the need to review the different methods of preparation of these materials to understand the structure and characteristics of the material for optimal efficiency in addition to their uses.

Combination and hybridisation of treatments in dye wastewater treatment: A review

In this study, the size-controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) via chemical reduction method by NaBH4 as a reducing agent and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) or PVP as a stabilizing agent is reported. Changing of ratios between reducing agent and stabilizing agent relative to AgNO3-optimized conditions for synthesis of stable Ag NPs was studied. The formation of Ag NPs was tracked by UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Particle size distribution was studied by particle size analyzer, and the morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The optical properties of the synthesized Ag NPs were also investigated. The optimized Ag NPs were very stable even after 1 month that was due to effective stabilization by PVP molecules. The mechanism of Ag NPs formation and stabilization is discussed in detail.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs40097-016-0212-3.pdf

Characterization and optical studies of PVP-capped silver nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles: a potential nanocatalyst for the rapid degradation of starch hydrolysis by α-amylase.

PVP-Capped Silver Nanoparticles as Catalyst for Oxidative Coupling of Thiols to Disulfides

Enhanced photodegradation of dyes on titania-based photocatalysts by adding commercial GeO2 in aqueous suspension

UV/visible-light photodegradation of organic dyes over mesoporous titania prepared by using 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole as template

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PVP-Capped Silver Nanoparticles as Catalyst for Oxidative Coupling of Thiols to Disulfides

Enhanced photodegradation of dyes on titania-based photocatalysts by adding commercial GeO2 in aqueous suspension

UV/visible-light photodegradation of organic dyes over mesoporous titania prepared by using 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole as template