BACKGROUND
Considering the high energy demand of lactation and the potential of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) addition on the increase in creatine supply for cows, the study investigated the effects of 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 g kg-1 DM of GAA supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation in dairy cows. The study used fourty mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows and lasted for 100 days.


RESULTS
Dry matter intake was not affected but milk and milk components yields and feed efficiency increased linearly with increasing GAA addition. The total-tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and non-fibre carbohydrates increased linearly and that of crude protein increased quadratically with increasing GAA addition. When the addition level of GAA increased, ruminal pH, molar percentages of butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate and acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased linearly, total volatile fatty acids concentration and propionate molar percentage increased linearly, but acetate molar percentage and ammonia-N concentration were unaltered. The activities of fibrolytic enzymes, α-amylase and protease increased linearly. The populations of total bacteria, fungi, Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes, R. flavefaciens, Ruminobacter amylophilus and Prevotella ruminicola increased linearly, but protozoa and methanogens decreased linearly with increasing GAA addition. As for the blood metabolites, concentrations of glucose, urea nitrogen and methionine were unchanged, total protein, albumin, creatine and homocysteine increased linearly but folate decreased linearly with increasing GAA supply.


CONCLUSION
The current results indicated that supplementation of GAA improved milk performance and rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cows. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on lactation performance, nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation in Holstein dairy cows.

Guanidine acetic acid (GAA) is increasingly considered as a nutritional growth promoter in monogastric animals. Whether or not such response would exist in rapid-growing lambs is unclear yet. The objective of this study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with uncoated GAA (UGAA) and coated GAA (CGAA) could alter growth performance, nutrient digestion, serum metabolites, and antioxidant capacity in lambs. Seventy-two small-tailed Han lambs initially weighed 12 ± 1.6 kg were randomly allocated into six groups in a 2 × 3 factorial experimental design including two forage-type rations [Oaten hay (OH) vs. its combination with wheat silage (OHWS)] and three GAA treatment per ration: no GAA, 1 g UGAA, and 1 g CGAA per kg dry matter. The whole experiment was completed in two consecutive growing stages (stage 1, 13–30 kg; stage 2, 30–50 kg). Under high-concentrate feeding pattern (Stage 1, 25: 75; Stage 2, 20: 80), UGAA or CGAA supplementation in young lambs presented greater dry matter intake (DMI) in stage 1 and average daily gain (ADG) in the whole experimental period; lambs in OH group had higher ADG and DMI than that in OHWS group in stage 1 and whole experimental period, but this phenomenon was not observed in stage 2. Both UCGA and CGAA addition increased dietary DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestion in both stages. In blood metabolism, UCGA and CGAA addition resulted in a greater total protein (TP) and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) levels, as well as antioxidant capacity; at the same time, UCGA and CGAA addition increased GAA metabolism-creatine kinase and decreased guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT) and L-Arginine glycine amidine transferase catalyzes (AGAT) activity. In a brief, the results obtained in the present study suggested that GAA (UGAA and CGAA; 1 g/kg DM) could be applied to improve growth performance in younger (13–30 kg) instead of older (30–50 kg) lambs in high-concentrate feedlotting practice.

/pdf/guanidine-acetic-acid-exhibited-greater-growth-performance-cxw17x2r.pdf

Guanidine acetic acid exhibited greater growth performance in younger (13–30 kg) than in older (30–50 kg) lambs under high-concentrate feedlotting pattern

Guanidine acetic acid (GAA) has been reported to improve growth performance, nutrient utilization, and meat quality in livestock. This study aimed to investigate whether coated GAA (CGAA) in comparison with uncoated GAA (UGAA) could have different effects on rumen fermentation, antioxidant capacity, and microflora composition in the rumen. Seventy-two lambs were randomly arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial experiment design with two diets of different forage type (OH: oaten hay; OHWS: oaten hay plus wheat silage) and three GAA treatments within each diet (control, diet without GAA addition; UGAA, uncoated GAA; CGAA, coated GAA). The whole feeding trial lasted for 120 days. The lambs in the OH group presented lower total volatile fatty acid (VFA), alpha diversity, Firmicutes, NK4A214_group, and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group than those on the OHWS diet in the last 60 days of the feeding stage (p < 0.05). Regardless of what GAA form was added, dietary GAA supplementation increased the total VFA, microbial crude protein (MCP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and antioxidant capacity in rumen during lamb feedlotting (p < 0.05). However, molar propionate proportion, acetate:propionate ratio (A:P), and relative Succiniclasticum abundance decreased with GAA addition in the first 60 days of the growing stage, while the molar butyrate proportion and NK4A214_group (p < 0.05) in response to GAA addition increased in the last 60 days of feeding. These findings indicated that dietary GAA enhanced antioxidant capacity and fermentation characteristics in the rumen, but the addition of uncoated GAA in diets might cause some dysbacteriosis of the rumen microbiota.

/pdf/dietary-guanidine-acetic-acid-improves-ruminal-antioxidant-4w25xcdt.pdf

Dietary Guanidine Acetic Acid Improves Ruminal Antioxidant Capacity and Alters Rumen Fermentation and Microflora in Rapid-Growing Lambs

Effects of guanidinoacetic acid and betaine on growth performance, energy and nitrogen metabolism, and rumen microbial protein synthesis in lambs

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the poly(dextrogyr-levogyr) lactide acid-triiodothyronine (PDLLA-T 3 ) seeded with Schwann cells conduit for repairing sciatic nerve defect. MATERIALS & METHODS: The rats were divided into three groups: autologous nerve transplantation (Group A), PDLLA-T 3 + Schwann cells (Group B) and PDLLA + Schwann cells (Group C). RESULTS: Myelin sheath thickness was significantly greater in Group A compared with Group B and Group C. The regenerated nerves had nearly normal structure in Group A, and in Groups B and C nerve tissues filled in the anastomotic site and angiogenesis was noted. The mean number of myelinated nerve fibers and neurons in Group B was greater than in Group C. CONCLUSIONS: PDLLA-T 3 is superior to PDLLA alone for repairing nerve defects.

Poly (dextrogyr-levogyr) lactide acid-triiodothyronine scaffold for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is the only precursor for the creatine synthesis of vertebrates. Creatine (Cr) and phosphocreatine (PCr) are able to provide energy for the rapid growth and development of the muscle tissue. This study evaluated the effects of dietary different levels GAA on growth performance, GAA absorption and creatine metabolism of lambs. Twenty-four 3-month-old healthy Kazakh male lambs (body weight = 27.35± 0.58 kg) were randomly divided into four groups with 6 lambs in each group. The lambs were fed with the basal diets supplemented with 0 (0 mg/kg group), 500 (500 mg/kg group), 1000 (1000 mg/kg group) and 1500 mg (1500 mg/kg group) GAA per kg diet (DM basis), respectively. The results showed that, as the GAA content of the diet increased, there was a quadratic change in DMI, with the lowest in the 500 mg/kg group and the highest in the 0 mg/kg group. The CK enzyme activity and ATP content in quadriceps muscle increased linearly with increasing levels of diary GAA in the diet. PCr levels and ADP levels in the longest dorsal muscle increased linearly with increasing levels of GAA in the diet. The relative expression of SLC6A6 and SLC6A8 mRNA in the jejunum and ileum mucosa showed a quadratic change as the dietary GAA level increased, with the lowest relative expression in both the 1500 mg/kg group. With the increase of dietary GAA level, both Cr concentration in hepatic vein plasma and the portal plasma GAA concentration shows a quadratic change, with the highest concentration in the 500 mg/kg group and the lowest concentration in the 0 mg/kg group. Therefore, dietary supplementation with 500~1000 mg/kg DM GAA is recommended for lambs.

Effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance, guanidinoacetic acid absorption and creatine metabolism of lambs

OBJECTIVE To make a histological evaluation of poly (dextrogyr-levogyr)lactide acid-triiodothyronine (PDLLA-T3) in sciatic nerve defect of rat. METHODS Ninety SD rats were evenly divided into 3 groups (autograft group A, PDLLA-T3 group B and PDLLA group C). Group D was control group. The left sciatic nerves were cut off by operation and 1 cm-nerve-defect was set up. The specimens were collected 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months after the operation respectively, simultaneously the right sciatic nerves were collected as normal control group D. HE staining, electron microscope, S-100 immunohistochemistry, and Bielschowsky staining were done in all the specimens, the quantity and quality of the regenerated nerves were observed, and all the results were processed by image analyzer. RESULTS Two weeks after the operation,histological observation indicated that the materials in groups B and C were not completely degraded. Transmission electron microscopic observation showed that the myelin sheath was not thick and it was about 0.5 microm in thickness. There was no significant difference among the 3 groups. One month after the operation, histological observation indicated that in group A the regenerated nerves passed through the scaffold and in the new nerves there were regenerated blood vessels. The materials in groups B and C were not completely degraded. S-100 immunohistochemical observation and Bielschowsky staining showed that in group B PDLLA-T3 repaired the defect successfully and the regenerated nerve myelin sheath was 1.81+/-0.19 microm in thickness. The effect in group B was better than that of groups A and C (P> 0.05). Two months after the operation, the materials in groups B and C were completely degraded. The quantity of the regenerated nerves in group B confirmed by S-100 immunohistochemical observation and Bielschowslcy staining was more than that in group C(P<0.05) and close to that in group A. The regenerated nerve myelin sheath in group B was 2.15+/-0.27 microm in the thickness and was thicker than that in group C (P<0.05), but thinner than that in groups A and D (P<0.05). CONCLUSION PDLLA-T3 can repair the defect of rat sciatic nerve with satisfactory quantity and quality of regenerated nerves.

[Histological evaluation of poly (dextrogyr-levogyr) lactide acid-triiodothyronine in sciatic nerve defect of rat].

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Jun Pan

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance, guanidinoacetic acid absorption and creatine metabolism of lambs

[Histological evaluation of poly (dextrogyr-levogyr) lactide acid-triiodothyronine in sciatic nerve defect of rat].