Removal of FMRI environment artifacts from EEG data using optimal basis sets.

Simultaneous EEG-fMRI.

Patients with epilepsy often present in their electroencephalogram (EEG) short electrical potentials (spikes or spike-wave bursts) that are not accompanied by clinical manifestations but are of important diagnostic significance They result from a population of abnormally hyperactive and hypersynchronous neurons It is not easy to determine the location of the cerebral generators and the other brain regions that may be involved as a result of this abnormal activity The possibility to combine EEG recording with functional MRI (fMRI) scanning opens the opportunity to uncover the regions of the brain showing changes in the fMRI signal in response to epileptic spikes seen in the EEG These regions are presumably involved in the abnormal neuronal activity at the origin of epileptic discharges This paper reviews the methodology involved in performing such studies, particularly the challenge of recording a good quality EEG inside the MR scanner while scanning is taking place, and the methods required for the statistical analysis of the combined EEG and fMRI time series We review the results obtained in patients with different types of epileptic disorders and discuss the difficult theoretical problems raised by the interpretation of an increase (activation) and decrease (deactivation) in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal, both frequently seen in response to spikes

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jmri.20577

Combining EEG and fMRI: A multimodal tool for epilepsy research

It is not easy to determine the location of the cerebral generators and the other brain regions that may be involved at the time of an epileptic spike seen in the scalp EEG. The possibility to combine EEG recording with functional MRI scanning (fMRI) opens the opportunity to uncover the regions of the brain showing changes in metabolism and blood flow in response to epileptic spikes seen in the EEG. These regions are presumably involved in the abnormal neuronal activity at the origin of epileptic discharges. This paper reviews the methodology involved in performing such studies, including the special techniques required for recording the EEG inside the scanner and the statistical issues in analyzing the fMRI signal. We then discuss the results obtained in patients with different types of focal epileptic disorders and in patients with primary generalized epilepsy. The results in general indicate that interictal epileptic discharges may affect brain areas well beyond the presumed region in which they are generated. The noninvasive nature of this method opens new horizons in the investigation of brain regions involved and affected by epileptic discharges.

Epileptic networks studied with EEG-fMRI.

Synchronization facilitates removal of MRI artefacts from concurrent EEG recordings and increases usable bandwidth.

http://web.mit.edu/swg/ImagingPubs/Multimodal%20Imaging/Anami.NeuroImage.2003.pdf

Stepping stone sampling for retrieving artifact-free electroencephalogram during functional magnetic resonance imaging

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Stepping stone sampling for retrieving artifact-free electroencephalogram during functional magnetic resonance imaging