The properties of γ-ray-reduced graphene oxide samples (GRGOs) were compared with those of hydrazine hydrate-reduced graphene oxide (HRGO). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, electrometry, and cyclic voltammetry were carried out to verify the reduction process, structural changes, and defects of the samples, as well as to measure their thermal, electrical, and electrochemical properties. Irradiation with γ-rays distorted the structure of GRGOs and generated massive defects through the extensive formation of new smaller sp2-hybridized domains compared with those of HRGO. The thermal stability of GRGOs was higher than that of HRGO, indicating the highly efficient removal of thermally-labile oxygen species by γ-rays. RRGO prepared at 80 kGy showed a pseudocapacitive behavior comparable with the electrical double-layer capacitance behavior of HRGO. Interestingly, the specific capacitance of GRGO was enhanced by nearly three times compared with that of HRGO. These results reflect the advantages of radiation reduction in energy storage applications.

Electrical, thermal and electrochemical properties of γ-ray-reduced graphene oxide

The increasing shortage of freshwater resources needs to be addressed urgently. Solar-driven desalination and wastewater purification are efficient and green methods to obtain freshwater resources. However, it is still a challenge to obtain efficient, stable, salt-resistant, antimicrobial, and antifouling evaporators. To address this challenge, in this study, polyacrylamide-based reduced graphene oxide hydrogels with a porous structure were synthesized in situ by a one-step radiative reduction method, and silver nanoparticles were introduced on this basis. Graphene/silver composite hydrogel (ArG-Ag) exhibits fast water transport, thermal localization, and low enthalpy of water evaporation, achieving an excellent evaporation rate of 3.089 kg m-2h−1 (one sun) and an evaporation efficiency of 122.7 %, as well as good mechanical stability, salt resistance, and salt ion purification after 8 cycles of evaporation. The ArG-Ag evaporator exhibits 99 % 24 h bacterial inhibition against E. coli and 210-day long-term mold resistance, effectively resisting biological contamination of seawater. In this study, multifunctional evaporators with integrated high efficiency evaporation performance, salt resistance, antimicrobial, antifungal, antifouling, and catalytic properties are proposed, which are expected to be used for seawater desalination and wastewater purification. 

Multifunctional graphene/Ag hydrogel with antimicrobial and catalytic properties for efficient solar-driven desalination and wastewater purification

The Ideas of Particle Physics: An Introduction for Scientists. By J.E. Dodd. Cambridge University Press: 1984. Pp. 202. Hbk £22.50, $44.50; pbk £8.95, $18.

Piecing it together

Facile γ-ray irradiation synthesis of Pt/GA nanocomposite for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

Integration of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Oxide Dots with Au Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

In this work, we reported a facile and environmentally friendly approach for the preparing of 3D graphene/Pt aerogel by gamma irradiation at room temperature. Graphene oxide (GO) and platinum ion a...

Fabrication of ultralight 3D graphene/Pt aerogel via in situ gamma-ray irradiation and its application for the catalytic degradation of methyl orange

Graphene oxide (GO) and gold ions (Au3+) can be simultaneously reduced and self-assembled into a three-dimensional (3D) graphene/Au composite (GA/Au) porous structure at room temperature via one-step γ-ray irradiation. The microstructure of GA/Au composites were observed under different magnifications and the pores were observed to be uniform 3D porous structure. In addition, Au nanoparticles were homogeneously attached to graphene sheets and had a typical diameter of 6 nm. These GA/Au composites were analyzed and characterized by x-ray diffraction analysis, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermal gravity analysis. Due to synergistic catalysis between graphene and Au nanoparticles, GA/Au composites catalyzed 4-nitrophenol with excellent catalytic performance, even at concentrations up to 6.48 × 10-3 M. When the concentration of 4-nitrophenol was 2.16 × 10-3 M and 4.22 × 10-3 M, the first-order kinetic constants were 2.00 and 1.43 min-1, respectively.

The synthesis of 3D graphene/Au composites via γ-ray irradiation and their use for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol.

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Fabrication of ultralight 3D graphene/Pt aerogel via in situ gamma-ray irradiation and its application for the catalytic degradation of methyl orange

The synthesis of 3D graphene/Au composites via γ-ray irradiation and their use for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol.