This review (with (318) refs) describes progress made in the design and synthesis of morphologically different metal oxide nanoparticles made from iron, manganese, titanium, copper, zinc, zirconium, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, silver, and vanadium. It also covers respective composites and their function and application in the field of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical sensing of chemical and biochemical species. The proper incorporation of chemical functionalities into these nanomaterials warrants effective detection of target molecules including DNA hybridization and sensing of DNA or the formation of antigen/antibody complexes. Significant data are summarized in tables. The review concludes with a discussion or current challenge and future perspectives.

Metal oxide nanoparticles in electrochemical sensing and biosensing: a review

This review article portrays the progress in developing novel electrochemical sensors using morphologically varied transition metal oxides. The role and applications of transition metal oxide nanoparticles of iron, titanium, manganese, zirconium, cobalt, nickel and their composites in the field of electrochemical and bio sensing are conferred in detail. Appropriate chemical functionalization of these nanomaterials guarantees the selective and sensitive determination of target molecules including DNA or creating antigen/antibody complexes. Substantial data is summed up in the tables. This review article highlights the significance of transition metal oxide nanoparticles as promising electrode modifiers for fabrication of sensors. The review ends up with a relevant discussion, existing challenges and future scopes.

Transition metal oxides in electrochemical and bio sensing: A state-of-art review

We have developed a sensitive electrochemical sensor for Organophosphorus pesticide methyl parathion (MP) using silver particles supported graphene nanoribbons (Ag@GNRs). The Ag@GNRs nanocomposite was prepared through facile wet chemical strategy and characterized by TEM, EDX, XRD, Raman, UV-visible, electrochemical and impedance spectroscopies. The Ag@GNRs film modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) delivers excellent electrocatalytic ability to the reduction of MP. The Ag@GNRs/SPCE detects sub-nanomolar concentrations of MP with excellent selectivity. The synergic effects between special electrocatalytic ability of Ag and excellent physicochemical properties of GNRs (large surface area, high conductivity, high area-normalized edge-plane structures and abundant catalytic sites) make the composite highly suitable for MP sensing. Most importantly, the method is successfully demonstrated in vegetables and fruits which revealed its potential real-time applicability in food analysis.

Methyl parathion detection in vegetables and fruits using silver@graphene nanoribbons nanocomposite modified screen printed electrode

Non-enzymatic electrochemical platform for parathion pesticide sensing based on nanometer-sized nickel oxide modified screen-printed electrodes.

Due to the large-scale use and high toxicity of pesticides, it is imperative to develop sensitive, selective, and convenient sensors for pesticide detection. Therefore, the electrochemical detection platform provides a promising analytical approach since it is economical, efficient, user-friendly and easy to operate. This review firstly provides a brief introduction to several main bioreceptors such as enzymes, antibodies, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), as well as typical sensing strategies, followed by specific focus on their advanced development. The next section elaborates on the various nanomaterials for electrode modification including graphene (GR), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), metal nanoparticles (MNPs), and conducting polymers (CPs) in the form of nanoparticles, rods, or porous materials. The requirements and necessity for the advancement of novel analysis devices are also summarized, followed by prospects and challenges.

Recent advances in nanomaterials-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for pesticides detection

A simple and mild strategy was proposed to develop a novel electrochemical sensor based on zirconia/ordered macroporous polyaniline (ZrO2/OMP) and further used for the detection of methyl parathion (MP), one of the organophosphate pesticides (OPPs). Due to the strong affinity of phosphate groups with ZrO2 and the advantages of OMP such as high catalytic activity and good conductivity, the developed sensor showed a limit of detection as low as 2.28 × 10−10 mol L−1 (S/N = 3) by square-wave voltammograms, and good selectivity, acceptable reproducibility and stability. Most importantly, this novel sensor was successfully applied to detect MP in real samples of apple and cabbage. It is expected that this method has potential applications in electrochemical sensing platforms with simple, sensitive, selective and fast analysis.

A novel electrochemical sensor based on zirconia/ordered macroporous polyaniline for ultrasensitive detection of pesticides

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A novel electrochemical sensor based on zirconia/ordered macroporous polyaniline for ultrasensitive detection of pesticides