A spinal cord stimulation (SCS) system includes multiple electrodes, multiple, independently programmable, stimulation channels within an implantable pulse generator (IPG) which channels can provide concurrent, but unique stimulation fields, permitting virtual electrodes to be realized. The SCS system includes a replenishable power source (e.g., rechargeable battery), that may be recharged using transcutaneous power transmissions between antenna coil pairs. An external charger unit, having its own rechargeable battery can be used to charge the IPG replenishable power source. A real-time clock can provide an auto-run schedule for daily stimulation. An included bi-directional telemetry link in the system informs the patient or clinician the status of the system, including the state of charge of the IPG battery. Other processing circuitry in the IPG allows electrode impedance measurements to be made. Further circuitry in the external battery charger can provide alignment detection for the coil pairs.

Rechargeable spinal cord stimulator system

An image guided catheter navigation system for navigating a region of a patient includes an imaging device, a tracking device, a controller, and a display. The imaging device generates images of the region of the patient. The tracking device tracks the location of the catheter in the region of the patient. The controller superimposes an icon representing the catheter onto the images generated from the imaging device based upon the location of the catheter. The display displays the image of the region with the catheter superimposed onto the image at the current location of the catheter.

Navigation system for cardiac therapies

A robotic surgical system (10) includes a multiple degree of freedom manipulator arm (14) having a surgical tool (22). The arm is coupled to a controller (24) for controllably positioning the surgical tool within a three dimensional coordinate system. The system further includes a safety monitoring processor (38) for determining the position of the surgical tool in the three dimensional coordinate system relative to a volumetric model. The volumetric model may be represented as a constructive solid geometry (CSG) tree data structure. The system further includes an optical tracking camera system (28, 32) disposed for imaging a region of space that includes at least a portion of the manipulator arm. An output of the camera system is coupled to the processor (38) that processes the volumetric model for determining if the surgical tool is positioned outside of the volumetric model. The system further includes a strain gage (40) for detecting slippage in three dimensions between an immobilized tissue, such as bone, and a reference point (44). The system also includes multiple and redundant safety features for suspending a motion of the surgical tool to prevent the tool from operating outside of the predetermined volume of space.

Image-directed robotic system for precise robotic surgery including redundant consistency checking

http://dbkgroup.org/Papers/davey_kell_micrev96.pdf

Flow cytometry and cell sorting of heterogeneous microbial populations: the importance of single-cell analyses.

A surgical navigation system for navigating a region of a patient includes a non-invasive dynamic reference frame and/or fiducial marker, sensor tipped instruments, and isolator circuits. The dynamic reference frame may be repeatably placed on the patient in a precise location for guiding the instruments. The instruments may be precisely guided by positioning sensors near moveable portions of the instruments. Electrical sources may be electrically isolated from the patient.

Method and apparatus for surgical navigation

System for generating electrical pulses for relieving the pain of the patient comprising a pulse generator and a controller for modulating the parameters of the output pulses of the pulse generator to fluctuate in accordance with the 1/f rule; i.e. the spectral density of the fluctuation varies inversely with the frequency.

Method and randomized electrical stimulation system for pain relief

System for measuring or monitoring the intracranial pressure which comprises a non-elastic detecting pouch to be inserted into the space between the skull and the cerebrum, a flexible tube connected to the pouch, a device for supplying a liquid into the pouch through the flexible tube and a device for measuring the pressure of the liquid in the pouch. When the pressure of the liquid reaches the intracranial pressure, the curve showing relation between liquid pressure vs. pouch volume flattens. Thus, by measuring the pressure of the flattened region, intracranial pressure may be determined.

Intracranial pressure monitoring method and system

An electrical circuit model of the cerebral circulation is presented. Changes of pulsatile waves of the intracranial pressure (ICP) and the cerebral blood volume (CBV) with ICP increment were investigated by simulation of the cerebral blood flow using this model. The simulation is performed by a small signal approximation using the pulsatile component. The results obtained are able to explain the phenomenon of changes in pulsatile wave of ICP with ICP increment. With regard to the CBV, the modeling results are useful for application to rheoencephalography (REG) using electrical impedance method for noninvasive ICP monitoring.

A Simulation Study of Intracranial Pressure Increment Using an Electrical Circuit Model of Cerebral Circulation

A method for estimating, from cytophotometric data, the proportion of cells in three different phases of the cell cycle is proposed. Computation is done by means of determining seven parameters in the approximate function for the fluorescence intensity histogram. The proportion of cells in the GI, S, and G2-M phases, obtained by this method, was found to be reliable.

Computer Aided Analysis of Cell-Cycle Phase from Cytophotometric Histogram

A method of detecting cranial bruits produced by turbulent blood circulation in the head is presented. The acoustic properties of the head were examined in order to design and evaluate a direct-contact-type phonodetector using an accelerometer. The detection apparatus described here can be applied to any part of the head and is able to detect weak bruits over the frequency range of 100 Hz-3 kHz. It has fairly simple frequency characteristics. Spectral and coherence analyses made on bruits recorded by the detection apparatus indicated the possibility of noninvasive diagnosis of intracranial vascular lesions, especially for detecting aneurysm in mass examinations.

Detection and Analysis of Cranial Bruit

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