The rapid advance of mild aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) is driving the development of the energy storage system market. But the thorny issues of Zn anodes, mainly including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion, severely reduce the performance of ZIBs. To commercialize ZIBs, researchers must overcome formidable challenges. Research about mild aqueous ZIBs is still developing. Various technical and scientific obstacles to designing Zn anodes with high stripping efficiency and long cycling life have not been resolved. Moreover, the performance of Zn anodes is a complex scientific issue determined by various parameters, most of which are often ignored, failing to achieve the maximum performance of the cell. This review proposes a comprehensive overview of existing Zn anode issues and the corresponding strategies, frontiers, and development trends to deeply comprehend the essence and inner connection of degradation mechanism and performance. First, the formation mechanism of dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and their influence on the anode are analyzed. Furthermore, various strategies for constructing stable Zn anodes are summarized and discussed in detail from multiple perspectives. These strategies are mainly divided into interface modification, structural anode, alloying anode, intercalation anode, liquid electrolyte, non-liquid electrolyte, separator design, and other strategies. Finally, research directions and prospects are put forward for Zn anodes. This contribution highlights the latest developments and provides new insights into the advanced Zn anode for future research. 

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40820-021-00782-5.pdf

Zinc Anode for Mild Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives

Engineering interfacial layers to enable Zn metal anodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Anode corrosion in aqueous Zn metal batteries

Progress in interface structure and modification of zinc anode for aqueous batteries

Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have shown great potential as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries. The ZIBs utilize Zn metal as the anode, which possesses many advantages such as low cost, high safety, eco-friendliness, and high capacity. However, on the other hand, the Zn anode also suffers from many issues, including dendritic growth, corrosion, and passivation. These issues are largely related to the surface and interface properties of the Zn anode. Many efforts have therefore been devoted to the modification of the Zn anode, aiming to eliminate the above-mentioned problems. This review gives a comprehensive summary on the mechanism behind these issues as well as the recent progress on Zn anode modification with focus on the strategies of surface and interface engineering, covering the design and application of both the Zn anode supports and surface protective layers, along with abundant examples. In addition, the promising research directions and perspective on these strategies are also presented.

Surface and Interface Engineering of Zn Anodes in Aqueous Rechargeable Zn-Ion Batteries.

Aqueous zinc hybrid capacitors are receiving intensive scientific interest due to them having the merits of both capacitors and batteries in achieving safety, high power and energy density, as well as long cycle life. Nonetheless, the dendrite growth and side reactions at the Zn/electrolyte interface are the biggest obstacles preventing them from large-scale applications. Here, we show that a non-conductive polyacrylamide (PAM)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) binary blend layer coated on a Zn anode can effectively suppress Zn dendrites and side reactions. The precise combination of ultra-high molecular weight PAM and low molecular weight PVP provides an excellent artificial anode/electrolyte interfacial layer with balanced adhesion, mechanical strength and hydrophilicity. The binary polymer interphase fundamentally uniformizes the localized electric field to regulate the ion migration in Zn plating/stripping, giving rise to superior electrochemical performance for the aqueous zinc hybrid capacitors. This study represents a promising approach for mitigating the long-lasting Zn dendrite growth issue.

Uniformizing the electric field distribution and ion migration during zinc plating/stripping via a binary polymer blend artificial interphase

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Uniformizing the electric field distribution and ion migration during zinc plating/stripping via a binary polymer blend artificial interphase