In recent years, tremendous research effort has been aimed at increasing the energy density of supercapacitors without sacrificing high power capability so that they reach the levels achieved in batteries and at lowering fabrication costs For this purpose, two important problems have to be solved: first, it is critical to develop ways to design high performance electrode materials for supercapacitors; second, it is necessary to achieve controllably assembled supercapacitor types (such as symmetric capacitors including double-layer and pseudo-capacitors, asymmetric capacitors, and Li-ion capacitors) The explosive growth of research in this field makes this review timely Recent progress in the research and development of high performance electrode materials and high-energy supercapacitors is summarized Several key issues for improving the energy densities of supercapacitors and some mutual relationships among various effecting parameters are reviewed, and challenges and perspectives in this exciting field are also discussed This provides fundamental insight into supercapacitors and offers an important guideline for future design of advanced next-generation supercapacitors for industrial and consumer applications

Recent Advances in Design and Fabrication of Electrochemical Supercapacitors with High Energy Densities

Theoretical and experimental specific capacitance of polyaniline in sulfuric acid

A 3D-nanonet structured cobalt-basic-carbonate precursor has been obtained by a facile, low cost and eco-friendly route under ambient temperature and pressure. After calcination in air, the as-prepared precursor was converted to a 3D-nanonet hollow structured Co3O4 with its original frame structure almost preserved. Encouragingly, by alternating experimental parameters (Table S1 in the Supporting Information), such as concentration of the starting reagents and calcination temperature, we got the optimized condition for the final product with desirable electrochemical performance (Figure S1 in the Supporting Information). The pseudocapacitive properties of the obtained Co3O4 were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 6.0 M KOH solution. At different scan rates of 5, 10, 20, and 30 mV s–1, the corresponding specific capacitances were 820, 755, 693, and 656 F g–1, respectively. The material also exhibited superior charge...

Synthesis of 3D-nanonet hollow structured Co3O4 for high capacity supercapacitor.

The rapid development of miniaturized electronic devices has led to a growing need for rechargeable micropower sources with high performance. Among different sources, electrochemical microcapacitors or microsupercapacitors provide higher power density than their counterparts and are gaining increased interest from the research and engineering communities. To date, little work has appeared on the integration of microsupercapacitors onto a chip or flexible substrates. This review provides an overview of research on microsupercapacitors, with particular emphasis on state-of-the-art graphene-based electrodes and solid-state devices on both flexible and rigid substrates. The advantages, disadvantages, and performance of graphene-based microsupercapacitors are summarized and new trends in materials, fabrication and packaging are identified.

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A Review of Graphene‐Based Electrochemical Microsupercapacitors

Nanosheets based mesoporous NiO microspherical structures via facile and template-free method for high performance supercapacitors

Supercapacitive properties of polyaniline/Nafion/hydrous RuO2 composite electrodes

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Supercapacitive properties of polyaniline/Nafion/hydrous RuO2 composite electrodes