Microplastics stimulated nitrous oxide emissions primarily through denitrification: A meta-analysis.

Mitigating nitrate leaching in cropland by enhancing microbial nitrate transformation through the addition of liquid biogas slurry

A global meta-analysis of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon and nitrogen losses during livestock manure composting: Influencing factors and mitigation strategies.

Maintaining or even increasing crop yields while reducing nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions is necessary to reconcile food security and climate change, while the metric of yield-scaled N2 O emission (i.e., N2 O emissions per unit of crop yield) is at present poorly understood. Here we conducted a global meta-analysis with more than 6000 observations to explore the variation patterns and controlling factors of yield-scaled N2 O emissions for maize, wheat and rice and associated potential mitigation options. Our results showed that the average yield-scaled N2 O emissions across all available data followed the order wheat (322 g N Mg-1 , with the 95% confidence interval [CI]: 301-346) > maize (211 g N Mg-1 , CI: 198-225) > rice (153 g N Mg-1 , CI: 144-163). Yield-scaled N2 O emissions for individual crops were generally higher in tropical or subtropical zones than in temperate zones, and also showed a trend towards lower intensities from low to high latitudes. This global variation was better explained by climatic and edaphic factors than by N fertilizer management, while their combined effect predicted more than 70% of the variance. Furthermore, our analysis showed a significant decrease in yield-scaled N2 O emissions with increasing N use efficiency or in N2 O emissions for production systems with cereal yields >10 Mg ha-1 (maize), 6.6 Mg ha-1 (wheat) or 6.8 Mg ha-1 (rice), respectively. This highlights that N use efficiency indicators can be used as valuable proxies for reconciling trade-offs between crop production and N2 O mitigation. For all three major staple crops, reducing N fertilization by up to 30%, optimizing the timing and placement of fertilizer application or using enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers significantly reduced yield-scaled N2 O emissions at similar or even higher cereal yields. Our data-driven assessment provides some key guidance for developing effective and targeted mitigation and adaptation strategies for the sustainable intensification of cereal production.

A global meta-analysis of yield-scaled N2 O emissions and its mitigation efforts for maize, wheat, and rice.

Coastal wetlands are hotspots for nitrogen (N) cycling and a significant natural source of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Burrowing benthos are known to transform N in intertidal marsh soils, but their contribution to N2O emissions and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the effects of crab bioturbation on N2O emissions in coastal marshes, where Chiromantes dehaani and Helice tridens tientsinensis were the dominant crab species, were investigated in field and indoor experiments. The N2O emissions increased significantly in the presence of crabs, being positively correlated with the intensity of crab bioturbation but differing among crab species. Natural-abundance isotope analyses indicated that crab bioturbation greatly promoted the contribution of hydroxylamine oxidation to N2O production; nevertheless, bacterial denitrification (including heterotrophic denitrification and nitrifier denitrification) remained the dominant pathway. Molecular analyses suggested that the increased N2O emissions in crab-disturbed habitats might be driven by underlying changes to microbial communities, especially by the disproportionate stimulation of nitric oxide reductase-carrying microbes over nitrous oxide reductase-carrying microbes. This study highlights the importance of considering the burrowing activity, density, and species of benthos when evaluating the N cycle in coastal wetlands. 

Aggravation of nitrous oxide emissions driven by burrowing crab activities in intertidal marsh soils: Mechanisms and environmental implications

Variance and main drivers of field nitrous oxide emissions: A global synthesis

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Variance and main drivers of field nitrous oxide emissions: A global synthesis