Forests play a prominent role in the global C cycle. Occupying one-third of the earth's land area, forest vegetation and soils contain about 60% of the total terrestrial C. Forest biomass productivity can be enhanced by management practices, which suggests that, by this means, forests could store more C globally and thereby slow the increase in atmospheric CO2. The question is how much C can be sequestered by forest and agroforest management practices. To address the question, a global database of information was compiled to assess quantitatively the potential of forestry practices to sequester C. The database presently has information for 94 forested nations that represent the boreal, temperate and tropical latitudes. Results indicate that the most promising management practices are reforestation in the temperate and tropical latitudes, afforestation in the temperate regions, and agroforestry and natural reforestation in the tropics. Across all practices, the median of the mean C storage values for the boreal latitudes is 16 tCha[−1 (n=46) while in the temperate and tropical latitudes the median values are 71 tCha−1 (n=401) and 66 tCha−1 (n=170), respectively. Preliminary projections are that if these practices were implemented on 0.6 to 1.2×109 ha of available land over a 50-yr period, approximately 50 to 100 GtC could be sequestered.

Estimating the global potential of forest and agroforest management practices to sequester carbon

Woodfuels currently supply 7 percent of worldwide energy use and are much more important in developing than developed countries Worldwide fuelwood use may be slowly declining, while charcoal production is increasing In developing countries, woodfuel comes from natural forests, woodlands, shrublands, plantations and trees outside forests; the last is often the most important source In developed countries, woodfuels are largely from industrial roundwood processing where up to 50 percent of logs may be used for energy In urban areas, of both developing and developed countries, woodfuels also arises from wood processing and construction and other urban residues including tree trimming Currently, apart from some nonindustrial plantations and the small areas of energy plantations, woodfuel largely results from by-products and residues Forest plantation may currently provide 15 to 20 percent of all fuelwood and this contribution will rise due to continued tree planting plus the rapidly increasing industria

Forests for Energy and the Role of Planted Trees

Species richness and diversity and soil physical and chemical properties were compared between a mature lower montane rain forest (LMRF) and abandoned 21-year-old plantations of introduced Pinus patula and Cupressus lusitanica in the central Andes of Colombia (2000m). In 0.1ha plots, species richness (number of species) and diversity (Shannon and Simpson indexes) were higher in the LMRF, followed by P. patula and C. lusitanica plantations. There were 56species and 30families of higher plants in the LMRF, 26species and 15families in the P. patula plantation, and 18species and 10families in the C. lusitanica plantation. There were no statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in soil physical or chemical properties between P. patula, C. lusitanica and native LMRF. Nevertheless, soil carbon, the C/N ratio and total bases tended to be higher in the native forest than in the plantations. Available P tended to be higher in the P. patula plantation. These results show that, although abandoned plantations can support some native species, particularly in the understorey, species richness is far from that of the native forest.

The effect of abandoned plantations of Pinus patula and Cupressus lusitanica on soilsand regeneration of a tropical montane rain forest in Colombia

Since the early 1980s, the winter moth, Operophtera brumata L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) has emerged as a serious pest of Sitka Spruce, Picea sitchensis Bong. plantations in southern Scotland. Outbreaks are characterised by susceptible sites within plantations which can occur immediately adjacent to resistant sites. We investigated the level of some nutrients in the trees, the date of budburst of the trees, and the numbers of some potential predators of winter moth pupae. None could satisfactorily explain outbreak patterns. Although foliage analysis demonstrated that many trees were marginal or deficient in phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, these deficiencies were not related to the susceptibility of a site. Within sites, the numbers and weights of O. brumata were positively related to phosphorus content and negatively related to calcium content of foliage. Other evidence suggests, however, that these correlations may not represent direct effects of phosphorus and calcium on larval growth and survival. Date of budburst, which commonly determines susceptibility of deciduous hosts to O. brumata, was unrelated to density, and pupal predators were more, not less, abundant in susceptible sites. Although it is difficult to distinguish between factors that initiate outbreaks and those that maintain them, these data suggest that nutrient deficiencies of trees, budburst date, and the distribution of pupal predators of the winter moth cannot explain patterns of outbreak of the winter moth on spruce.

Outbreaks of the winter moth on Sitka Spruce in Scotland are not influenced by nutrient deficiencies of trees, tree budburst, or pupal predation.

SUMMARY This paper traces macro-level trends and changing approaches to plantation forestry, with particular emphasis on tropical and subtropical regions. Introducing the theoretical concept of a paradigm and drawing on the notions of discourse and epistemic community, it analyses the development of knowledge structures present in the history of plantation forestry. The historical context with an economic and developmental focus is provided to better understand the political economy of forest plantations in the South. A typology of plantation paradigms according to the selected criteria is put forth to illustrate both the discursive and technical changes plantation projects underwent in time. The paper concludes with a critical discussion on the parallels between the historical developments, change in economic thought and development aid and their influence on tree-planting activities as well as the strengths, weaknesses and challenges for both the plantation and general forestry epistemic community in th...

Paradigms in Tropical Forest Plantations: A Critical Reflection on Historical Shifts in Plantation Approaches

Emphasizing the biological principles which underlie silvicultural practices rather than the practices themselves, this introduction to plantation silviculture is useful for anyone concerned with forestry. It is divided into four parts: a general introduction discussing the values and productive potential of plantations; a look at basic silviculture, concentrating on coniferous plantations; coverage of more specialized forms of silviculture; and finally aspects of protection and plantation design.

Plantation Silviculture in Temperate Regions: With Special Reference to the British Isles

As outlined by Burley et al. (2009), academic forestry is not a discipline in its own right like botany or zoology but multidisciplinary, akin to engineering and medicine. Even if it is narrowed to the biology of woody perennials and the art of managing them, it still embraces many other elements of natural sciences, as well as some economic, social and environmental sciences, engineering, policy, management and business studies. Forestry education must therefore introduce scholars to this wide range of disciplines and this can present a number of interesting resourcing challenges for educational institutions, particularly when relatively few students choose to study forestry.

Forestry in British Higher Education: A tale of decline and regeneration

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Plantation Silviculture in Temperate Regions: With Special Reference to the British Isles

Forestry in British Higher Education: A tale of decline and regeneration