Smartphone integrated handheld Long Range Surface Plasmon Resonance based fiber-optic biosensor with tunable SiO2 sensing matrix

Mobile low-cost analytical systems for the detection and quantitation of heavy metal contaminants such as lead (Pb
 2+
) and mercury (Hg
 2+
) in drinking water are critical in preventing the general population from exposure to the toxic metal ions. In this paper, we presented smartphone nano-colorimetry (SNC) as a new technique for multiplex-sensing of dissolved Pb
 2+
 and Hg
 2+
. The sensing mechanism of SNC is based on the microscopic dark-field imaging of micro-or nanoscale sediments of yellow lead chromate (PbCrO4) and red mercury iodide (HgI2) on a glass-PDMS substrate, followed by intensity analysis to quantitatively measure the concentration of Pb
 2+
 and Hg
 2+
 in the water. We showed that SNC capable of detecting and quantitating Pb
 2+
 and Hg
 2+
 below the EPA action level for both metal ions at 15 ppb and 2 ppb, respectively. We envision that SNC will realize highly sensitive and rapid in-field quantitation of toxic heavy metal contaminants in drinking water, enable citizens to examine their water on-demand for better life-quality.

Smartphone Nano-Colorimetry for On-Demand Multiplex Lead and Mercury Detection and Quantitation in Drinking Water

Accurate and timely diagnosis of transplant rejection is essential for the long‐term survival of solid‐organ transplant recipients. Biopsy is the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of rejection, but this approach is a time‐consuming, expensive, and invasive process. An efficient, cheap, and noninvasive tool for monitoring of immune rejection is urgently needed. Circulating miRNA and circulating DNA can be easily amplified and quantified by PCR which could be potential biomarkers for monitoring organ survival and/or immune rejection. In this review, we briefly introduce the origins and characteristics of circulating miRNA and circulating DNA. Furthermore, we review their clinical application and potential as noninvasive biomarkers for rejection in organ transplantation. Finally, we sum up their potential as biomarkers, which may help scientists and surgeons choose the proper biomarker for routine assays.

Circulating miRNA or circulating DNA—Potential biomarkers for organ transplant rejection

Disease diagnosis in low-resource settings is often hampered by lack of equipment and trained personnel required for microscopic examination of the biological sample. Recently, many smartphone-based microscopes have been developed and shown promise in microscopic imaging of the biological sample with minimal sample preparation. In this chapter, we will review the latest development of the smartphone microscopes. Various smartphone-based microscopy imaging methods will be reviewed. Approaches for smartphone microscope objective lenses will be discussed for their advantages and challenges. Finally, remaining challenges in translating the smartphone microscopy devices into field diagnostic tools will be discussed.

Smartphone-based microscopes

Fluorescence microscopy is an important technique for cellular and microbiological investigations. Translating this technique onto a smartphone can enable particularly powerful applications such as on-site analysis, on-demand monitoring, and point-of-care diagnostics. Current fluorescence smartphone microscope setups require precise illumination and imaging alignment which altogether limit its broad adoption. We report a multi-color fluorescence smartphone microscope with a single contact lens-like add-on lens and slide-launched total-internal-reflection guided illumination for three common tasks in investigative fluorescence microscopy: autofluorescence, fluorescent stains, and immunofluorescence. The open-source, simple and cost-effective design has the potential for do-it-yourself fluorescence smartphone microscopy.

Open-source do-it-yourself multi-color fluorescence smartphone microscopy.

Dark-field microscopy allows highly sensitive detection of metal nanoparticles that exhibit surface plasmon resonance (SPR) scattering by exclusively collecting scattered light. Here, we report a dark-field smartphone microscope with single nanoparticle resolution for point-of-care testing (POCT). A simple flat-lens LED is coupled to transparent substrate to generate total internal reflection (TIR) and evanescent field for surface-confined illumination, which scatters at nanoparticles. The scattering light is detected using smartphone camera through an external lens attachment. Dark-field smartphone microscope will facilitate the rapid translation of sensitive nanoparticle-based bioassays to point-of-care testing (POCT).

https://www.rsc.org/images/loc/2014/PDFs/Papers/745_1084.pdf

Dark-field smartphone microscope with nanoscale resolution for molecular diagnostics

On-Chip Fast Plasmonic Detection of Single Molecule Mirna for Cancer Diagnosis

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Dark-field smartphone microscope with nanoscale resolution for molecular diagnostics

On-Chip Fast Plasmonic Detection of Single Molecule Mirna for Cancer Diagnosis