Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and a potential cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in the future. The complexity and uncertainty related to the geographic distribution of HCV infection and chronic hepatitis C, determination of its associated risk factors, and evaluation of cofactors that accelerate its progression, underscore the difficulties in global prevention and control of HCV. Because there is no vaccine and no post-exposure prophylaxis for HCV, the focus of primary prevention efforts should be safer blood supply in the developing world, safe injection practices in health care and other settings, and decreasing the number of people who initiate injection drug use.

https://courses.washington.edu/conj504/readings/alter_reading3.pdf

Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection

Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery.

Safe management of wastes from health-care activities , Safe management of wastes from health-care activities , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

Safe management of wastes from health-care activities

https://www.scielosp.org/pdf/bwho/v79n2/v79n2a12.pdf

Safe management of wastes from health care activities

Scaling up prevention and treatment towards the elimination of hepatitis C: a global mathematical model

OBJECTIVE: To draw up evidence-based guidelines to make injections safer. METHODS: A development group summarized evidence-based best practices for preventing injection-associated infections in resource-limited settings. The development process included a breakdown of the WHO reference definition of a safe injection into a list of potentially critical steps, a review of the literature for each of these steps, the formulation of best practices, and the submission of the draft document to peer review. FINDINGS: Eliminating unnecessary injections is the highest priority in preventing injection-associated infections. However, when intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular injections are medically indicated, best infection control practices include the use of sterile injection equipment, the prevention of contamination of injection equipment and medication, the prevention of needle-stick injuries to the provider, and the prevention of access to used needles. CONCLUSION: The availability of best infection control practices for intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular injections will provide a reference for global efforts to achieve the goal of safe and appropriate use of injections. WHO will revise the best practices five years after initial development, i.e. in 2005.

/pdf/best-infection-control-practices-for-intradermal-3dr330iz39.pdf

Best infection control practices for intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular needle injections

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Best infection control practices for intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular needle injections