The last 15 years has seen a tremendous growth in research on structural priming among second language (L2) speakers. Structural priming is the phenomenon whereby speakers are more likely to repeat a structure they have recently heard or produced. Research on L2 structural priming speaks to key issues regarding the underlying linguistic and cognitive mechanisms that support L2 acquisition and use, and the extent to which lexical and grammatical information are shared across an L2 speaker’s languages. As the number of researchers investigating L2 priming and its implications for L2 learning continues to grow, it is important to assess the current state of research in this area and establish directions for continued inquiry. The goal of the current review is to provide an overview of recent research on within-language L2 structural priming, with an eye towards the open questions that remain.

Second language structural priming: A critical review and directions for future research:

https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/28222/1/Atkinson_et_al-2018-Cognitive_Science.pdf

Adult Learning and Language Simplification

There is evidence that linguistic alignment can give rise to prosocial effects in human–human interaction (HHI), but little has been done to explore whether the same effects can be evoked in human–...

Improving Interaction Experience through Lexical Convergence: The Prosocial Effect of Lexical Alignment in Human-Human and Human-Computer Interactions

I test two hypotheses that play an important role in modern sociolinguistics and language evolution studies: first, that non-native production is simpler than native; second, that production addressed to non-native speakers is simpler than that addressed to natives. The second hypothesis is particularly important for theories about contact-induced simplification, since the accommodation to non-natives may explain how the simplification can spread from adult learners to the whole community. To test the hypotheses, I create a very large corpus of native and non-native written speech in four languages (English, French, Italian, Spanish), extracting data from an internet forum where native languages of the participants are known and the structure of the interactions can be inferred. The corpus data yield inconsistent evidence with respect to the first hypothesis, but largely support the second one, suggesting that foreigner-directed speech is indeed simpler than native-directed. Importantly, when testing the first hypothesis, I contrast production of different speakers, which can introduce confounds and is a likely reason for the inconsistencies. When testing the second hypothesis, the comparison is always within the production of the same speaker (but with different addressees), which makes it more reliable.

/pdf/foreigner-directed-speech-is-simpler-than-native-directed-50wavoglmj.pdf

Foreigner-directed speech is simpler than native-directed: Evidence from social media

Comprehenders frequently need to adapt to linguistic variability between talkers and dialects. Previous research has shown, given repeated exposure to quasi-grammatical structures, comprehenders begin to perceive them as more grammatical (Luka & Barsalou 2005, Luka & Choi 2012). We examined whether grammatical acceptability judgements differ for native versus non-native speech. In an exposure phase, native English speakers listened to, retyped, and rated the grammaticality of quasi-grammatical sentences (e.g., What Emily is thankful for is that she is here) spoken by a native or non-native speaker. In a subsequent test phase, participants rated additional sentences, some of which had the same structure as exposure sentences. Participants rated native-accented sentences as more grammatical, demonstrating a role for talker identity in perceptions of grammaticality. Furthermore, structures previously heard during the exposure phase were rated as more grammatical than novel unprimed structures, but only for the native speaker. Subset analyses suggest this effect is driven by speaker intelligibility, which holds implications for communication between native and non-native speakers.

/pdf/the-role-of-priming-in-grammatical-acceptability-judgements-nj9l494v.pdf

The role of priming in grammatical acceptability judgements for native versus non-native speakers: Effects of intelligibility

Abstract With the growth of language variation it is becoming increasingly important to understand how monolingual speakers’ language processing can differ when responding to various speakers. This study investigated native English speakers’ structural alignment to different accents of English (American, Korean, and Indian speaker of English) using a picture description paradigm. More specifically, we explored the effect of accent type and familiarity with a speaker’s accent on syntactic alignment. American-English speaking participants were primed less for a PO construction when listening to a native American-English speaker than in response to English speakers with a non-American accent (Korean and Indian English). A similar pattern was observed in the analysis using perceived familiarity with accents. These results support the claim that social factors, (e. g., speakers’ accents or perceived familiarity with the accents) can automatically influence language processing, and should be taken into consideration for psycholinguistics theoretical accounts of syntactic priming.

Native English speakers’ structural alignment mediated by foreign-accented speech

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Native English speakers’ structural alignment mediated by foreign-accented speech